1.Survival Needs of Body Systems

[image]

1. proper body temperature
2. oxygen
3. water
4. nutrients
5. atmospheric pressure

2.Steps in Homeostatic Control

[image]

1. stimulus produces change in variable (sugar levels)
2. change dectected by receptor
3. info sent along afferent pathway
4. info processed
5. output info sent along efferent pathway
6. response is carried out
7. homeostasis is retained

3. Negative Feedback

[image]

4. Positive Feedback

[image]

5.Types Of Tissue

[image]

1. Epithelium
2. Muscle
3. Nervous
4. Connective

6. Epithelial Tissue

[image]

• Purpose is to cover and protect
• 1 free surface
• "basement membrane"
• types: simple, stratified, glandular

7. Muscle Tissue

[image]

• Purpose: movement of the body
• specialized to contract
• types: cardiac, smooth, skeletal

8. Nervous Tissue

[image]

• Purpose is to control the body
• communicates or supports the body
• types: supporting cells, neurons

9. Connective Tissue

[image]

• Purpose: support, protect, bind
• types: bone,cartilage,dense(tendons and ligaments),loose(adipose),blood
• (types start off rigid and get softer)

10. Organization of the Human Body

[image]

Atoms      Molecules     Organelles     Cells     Tissue

Organs       Organ Systems

11. Terms of Position and Direction

[image]

• Cranial/Superior: being closer to the head or higher
• Anterior/Ventral: closer to the front
• Posterior/Dorsal: closer to the back
• Medial: closer to the middle of the body
• Lateral: closer to the ourside
• Proximal: closer to the limb
• Distal: further away from the limb
• Caudal/Inferior: Being closer to the feet
• Superficial/Deep: internal
• Ipsilateral: on the same side

12. Anatomical Planes

[image]

• Median: divides body into left and right halves
• Sagittal: divides body into left and right (not halves)
• Coronal/Frontal: divides body into front and back halves
• Transverse/Cross: divides body into top and bottom halves

13. Regions of the body

[image]

Head:Frontal = forehead     temporal= temple     orbital=eye     nasal=nose     buccal=cheek           oral=mouth     mandibular=lower jaw

Neck:anterior cervical=front of neck     lateral cervical=side of neck                                               supraclavicular=above clavical

Thorax:pectoral=anterior chest

Abdominopelvis: abdominal=abdomen     inguinal=groin     pelvic=pelvis     pubic=genital                               pudendal=female genital     perineal=between pelvix and coccyx

14. Regions of the body (cont.)

Upper limb: deltoid=shoulder/upper arm     axilary=armpit     brachial=arm     antecubital=elbow       antebracchial=forearm     carpal=wrist     palmar=palm     digital=fingers

lower limb:coxal=hip     femoral=thigh     patellar=knee cap      crural=leg     fibular=lateral leg     tarsal=ankle     dorsum=top of foot     foot digital=toes

15. Regions of the body (posterior)

head: parietal=top and side of the head     occipital=back of the head     

neck:post cervical=back of the neck

back: scapular=shoulder blades     vertebral=spinal column     paraspinal=sides of spine      thoracic=posterior chest     lumbar=lowerback      sacroiliac=pelvic joint     sacral=post. pelvis     coccygeal=tail bone

16. Regions of the Body (posterior cont.)

Upper Limb: acromonial=top of shoulder     deltoid=shoulder/upper arm     brachial=arm     cubital=elbow     antebrachial=forearm     carpal=wrist     hand dorsal=back of hand      hand digital=fingers

Lower Limb:gluteal=buttock     femoral=thigh     popliteal=back of knee     crural=leg     tarsal=ankle     foot plantar=sole     foot digital=toes

17. Different Organ Systems

[image]

Integumentary      Skeletal     Muscular     Nervous     Endocrine     Cardiovascular     Lymphatic     Respiratory     Digestive     Urinary     Reproductive

18. Change in Tissue

[image]

Change in Tissue can lead to

Atrophy/Hyperplasia

Aging

Repair

Rapid Growth (cancer)

19. Extra Epithelial Tissue Info

• Basement membrane of Epithelial is connected to connective tissue
• Squamous Epithelium: thin layer, covers heart and lungs
• Stratified Epithelium: the skin, protects 
• Cuboidal Epithelium: line the glands, secrete glandular products
• Columnar Epithelium: lines the digestive organs

20. Extra Connective Tissue Info

• Adipose Tissue: stores fat
• Loose Tissue: contains elastin; allows elasticity
• Liquid: food and oxygen, carry away waste
• Cartilage: flexible bone
• Bone: osteoblasts-form new bone                                       osteoclasts-reabsorb old bony matter

21. Extra Nerve/Muscle Tissue Info

• Nervous tissue transmit impulses
• Striated/skeletal/voluntary muscles require conscious effort to move
• Smooth/Visceral/involuntary muscles move on their own
• Cardia muscle contract without being stimulated by a nerve impulse