Term
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Definition
*type of abnormal hemoglobin
*Hgb binds to CO instead of O2, then it can't bind to O2
*blood is cherry red color
*causes hypoxia (decreased O2 to tissues)
*causes: contact with CO |
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Term
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Definition
| most immature form of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
*type of abnormal hemoglobin
*Hgb binds to Sulfur instead of O2, then it can't bind to O2
*blood is lavender color
*IRREVERSIBLE
*caused by chemicals, drugs, fungicides |
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Term
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Definition
*production of blood cells in bone marrow
*occurs in long bones (femur, radius), flat bones (sternum, ribs, pelvis) |
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Term
| extramedullary hematopoiesis |
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Definition
*secondary source of production of blood cells
*occurs in spleen and lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which RBCs are produced |
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Term
| methemoglobin (hemiglobin) |
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Definition
*type of abnormal hemoglobin
*Hgb is oxidized to Fe3+, then it can't bind to O2
*blood is chocolate brown color
*deficient NADH methemoglobin reductase (enzyme complex that converts methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
*Hgb M |
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Term
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Definition
*cell's cytoplasm and organelles grow at an equal rate
*results in normally proportioned cell shape and size |
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Term
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Definition
*cell's cytoplasm and organelles grow at an unequal rate
*results in abnormally proportioned cell shape and size |
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Term
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Definition
*most common form in adults
*2 alpha chains & 2 beta chains
*accelerated in electrophoresis |
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Term
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Definition
*not common in adults
*2 alpha & 2 delta chains
*doesn't move in electrophoresis |
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Term
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Definition
*fetal hemoglobin
*2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
*moves fast in electrophoresis |
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Term
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Definition
| Hgb molecule that is bonded to O2 (carrying it to tissues) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hgb molecule that is free of O2 and is carrying CO2 away from tissues |
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Term
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Definition
*growth factor that stimulates RBC production/formation
*produced in kidney |
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Term
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Definition
burst forming unit --> colony forming unit --> erythropoiesis --> rubriblast
*cell needs nucleus
*3-4 mitotic divisions
*begins with pleuripotent stem cell |
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Term
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Definition
*earliest identifiable RBC stage
*size: 18-25 microns
*deep blue cytoplasm because of protein synthesis
*hemoglobin synthesis BEGINS here because of presence of mitochondria and nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
*2nd stage, formed after 1st mitotic division
*nucleoli gone
*deep blue cytoplasm
*smaller than rubriblast
*chromatin begins to clump |
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Term
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Definition
*3rd stage, formed after 2nd mitotic division
*last stage in which heme is formed (no more cell division)
*grayish pink cytoplasm because of increased Hgb |
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Term
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Definition
*4th stage
*no more cell division
*nucleus leaves cell
*closer in size to mature RBC |
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Term
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Definition
*light bluish /pink cytoplasm with darker blue granules
*granules are fragments from RNA
*can still synthesize Hgb because of remaining bits of RNA
*polychromasia |
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Term
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Definition
| used to describe color of RBC as a bluish hue because |
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Term
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Definition
*liquid portion of whole blood
*does not include clotted cells
*contains proteins and other clotting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| *liquid portion of whole blood minus proteins and clotting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| protein used for clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| Hgb *3 = Hct in normal patients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*blue granules present in cells
*represents RNA fragments in cell
*seen in cases of lead poisoning
*defective heme synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
*malarial parasite invades host cell
*uses hemoglobin for nourishment
*parasite grows and eventually ruptures cell, releasing toxic Hgb |
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Term
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Definition
*dark spot on mature RBC that is evidence of a nuclear remnant
*seen in megaloblastic anemia and thalassemias |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*more rounded shape, not biconcave disk
*gives appearance of hyperchromic cell, but it is actually normochromic for that cell shape |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal cell shape
*oval shaped cell
*often looks macrocytic
*seen in megaloblastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*chemical changes in membrane give it more surface area
*hypochromic
*seen in thalassemia, liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*crescent shape (fragment of hemolized RBC)
*valine substitution on beta chain
*cells are rigid and inflexible because Hgb crystallizes
*seen in sickle cell anemia |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*spiny projections on cell because of altered surface cell membrane
*usually occur as isolated cells
**different from crenated cells |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*spiny projections
*usually occurs in large groups of these cells
*often caused by exposure to hypotonic solution (EDTA), causes shriveling |
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Term
| schistocyte (helmet cells) |
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*fragmented RBC where RBC tears but keeps in some Hgb
*seen in hemolytic conditions and burns |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal RBC shape
*abnormal peptide chains like in sickle cells
*different crystalline arrangement of Hgb so it takes on a different shape
*often accompanied by target cells |
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Term
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Definition
*ex. hemorrhage
*morphology: normochromic, normocytic
*over time... reticulocytosis as compensation (macrocytic) |
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Term
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Definition
*ex. slow bleeding ulcer, excessive menstruation
*morphology: hypochromic, microcytic
*****IRON DEFICIENCY******* |
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Term
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Definition
*needed for DNA synthesis
*if faulty DNA synthesis --> asynchrony
*need to consume meat and dairy products to get it
*need intrinsic factor to be absorbed properly |
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Term
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Definition
*needed for DNA synthesis
*if faulty DNA synthesis --> asynchrony
*need to consume green leafy vegetables to get it
*doesn't need any outside help for absorption |
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Term
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Definition
*bone marrow is over actively producing cells
*leads to hypercellularity |
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Term
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Definition
| *more than the normal number of cells |
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Term
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Definition
*bone marrow is under actively producing cells
*leads to hypocellularity |
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Term
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Definition
| *less than normal number of cells |
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