Term
|
Definition
| cell, gene, hereditary, evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st. everything governed by physics and chemistry
2.cell is unit of life
3. life is continous across generations
4. life evolves-populations change genetically & irreversibly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed explanation for observed natural phenomenon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad explanation supported by evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statement of fact that explains an action or set of actions |
|
|
Term
| scientific articles format |
|
Definition
| abstracts/summary, intro, materials and methods, results, dicussion, conclusion, acknowledgement and references. |
|
|
Term
| evolution theory tries to explain... |
|
Definition
| unity and diversity of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two name system followed by author name |
|
|
Term
| theory of inherited characteristics...author and def |
|
Definition
| lamarck...perfections are inherited and preferred |
|
|
Term
| which theory is giraffe example applied to ...why can't it be used? |
|
Definition
| theory of inheritance of acquired character..no experiment done on it...phenotypic changes don't result in genetic changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. pop grows geometrically, and food is arthmetically
2. death puts limit to how long poplulation survives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the origin of species by natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. fossil record
2. comparative anatomy
3. embryology or developmental anatomy
4. biogeography
5. molecular biology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oldest vertebrate fossils... |
|
Definition
| late proterozoic era in precambrian eon |
|
|
Term
| first vertebrates appeared in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| youngest fossils found in |
|
Definition
| coenozoic era during the quatenery period |
|
|
Term
| what was the first living organism and when did it come to existence? |
|
Definition
| early archean era (precambrian)...prokaryotic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle bones are longer than outer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| giant ancestor armadillor compared to modern armadillo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which animal has a complete fossil record? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vestigal structures are explained by the... |
|
Definition
| common descent hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures that are anatomically similar...common ancestor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anatomically different...different ancestor...butterfly and bird wings |
|
|
Term
| 1st pair of human gills...2nd pair of gills..3rd/4th pair of gills... |
|
Definition
1st: middle ear and auditory tube
2nd:tonsils
3rd and 4th: thymus and parathyroid glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhesus monkey had the most similiar p53 gene |
|
|
Term
| importance of dna..3 reasons |
|
Definition
| found in every living thing, same triplet code, same 22 amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in an allele or a gene...ultimate source of gene variation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases homozygoity in population and expression of recessive alleles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founder effect and bottleneck effect...occurs when only certain members of a population reproduce...happens by CHANCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of genetic variablity due to drastic reduction in population size...prevents participation of major genotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. population is variable
2. variation is heritable
3. variation leads to differential reproduction |
|
|
Term
| forms of selection...4 types |
|
Definition
| directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection, balancing selection, sexual selection |
|
|
Term
| balancing selection-heterozygote advantage |
|
Definition
| 2 or more alleles appear in people and therefore people have more genetic variablity.. sickle cell malaria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediates are removed...2 or more genotypes are favored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediate phenotypes are selected |
|
|
Term
| driving force behind evolution |
|
Definition
| variation...which occurs through mutations |
|
|
Term
| WHY was the hardy-weinberg equil created? |
|
Definition
| to explain why dominant alleles didn't drive out recessive alleles and eliminate genetic variation....b/c original proportions of genotype will remain constant under ideal conditions |
|
|
Term
| WHY was the hardy-weinberg equil created? |
|
Definition
| to explain why dominant alleles didn't drive out recessive alleles and eliminate genetic variation....b/c original proportions of genotype will remain constant under ideal conditions |
|
|
Term
| 5 conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equations |
|
Definition
1. population must be large
2. mating must be random
3. no gene flow or migration of individuals.
4. no natural selection
5. no mutation |
|
|
Term
| phylogenetic species concept |
|
Definition
•morphological, anatomical, and molecular information
•advantages: can be applied to all organisms
•disadvantages: how many traits to use to characterize species, quantitative traits are not easy to use because of continuous variation, members of the same species look different phenotypically,vice versa
advocates: Quentin Wheeler and Norman Platnik |
|
|
Term
| biological species concept |
|
Definition
•a species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring but cannot successfully interbreed with members of other species.
•advantages: easy to understand the meaning of species
•disadvantages - difficult to apply to allopatric populations, many organisms are asexual and reproduce without mating, applies mostly to animals, applies unequally to animals, cannot apply to fossils
•advocate: Ernst Mayr (following Dobzhansky) |
|
|
Term
| evolutionary species concept |
|
Definition
single lineage (genetic relationship)
advantage: can be applied to all species
disadvantage: difficult to prove...lots of genetic investigation
george gaylord simpson |
|
|
Term
| ecological species concept |
|
Definition
defined by what resources species requires
useful in bacterial species |
|
|
Term
| pre-zygotic isolation mechanism (5) |
|
Definition
| ecological, behavioral, temporal (seasonal), mechanical, gametic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
polyploidy: doubling chromosome number
disruptive selection
different species from same species in same area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to variations in mating frequencies, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
