Term
| How do empirical findings differ from other ways of gathering evidence? |
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Definition
| It uses; Careful observation, Experimentation, Measurement to obtain quality data |
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Term
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Definition
The discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism‟s physical state, mental state, and external environment
•Behavior – actions emitted by a person or animal
•Mental Processes –internal „behaviors‟ which are not observable
•Stimulus – any feature of the environment which influences behavior or mental processes |
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Term
| Describe the Scientific Method |
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Definition
| • A systematic formula of creating hypotheses, designing studies to test the hypotheses, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence |
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Term
| provide the steps of the scientific method |
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Definition
1. Identify a research problem
2. Design a research study
3. Collect and analyze data
4. Draw conclusions
5. Communicate findings by publication and presentation |
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Term
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Definition
| set of claims that seems scientific, but isn‟t |
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Term
| to list and describe the four signs of a pseudoscience |
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Definition
1) Lack of self correction
2) Overreliance on anecdotes
3) Evasion of peer review
4) Psychobabble |
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Term
| According to Occam’s razor, how do you choose the best explanation for a phenomenon? |
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Definition
| If several explanations of a phenomenon have been generated, a critical thinker chooses the one that accounts for the most evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
maintains that one‟s learning history to external and internal stimuli drive human behavior
-Watson & Skinner |
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Term
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Definition
maintains that humans are good by nature and will be motivated by positive, prosocial tendencies if given enough freedom
Driven toward self-fullfillment
-Roger & Maslow |
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Term
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Definition
main focus is on how people reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, and explain experiences
Emphasis on how “the mind” acquires, processes, and retrieves information
Noam Chomsky , 1970 |
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Term
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Definition
| studies how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| – studies how the mental abilities of humans have evolved through time and which behaviors are innate (i.e. they do not have to be learned) |
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Term
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Definition
| studies how social and cultural influences affect human behavior |
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Term
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Definition
maintains that unconscious motives, conflicts, and instinctual energy drive human behavior
Focuses on how early childhood experiences and unconscious desires affect one‟s mental health
Freud & Erikson |
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Term
| The four goals of pyschology |
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Definition
1) to describe behaviors
2) predict future behaviors
3) understand and explain behaviors
4) be able to modify behaviors |
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Term
| qualifications needed to call yourself a psychotherapist |
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Definition
Broad term that may not be a
doctor, or be licensed at all |
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Term
| qualifications needed to call yourself a psychiatrist |
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Definition
use medicines to treat psychological
disorders, is a medical doctor and has an MD |
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Term
| qualifications needed to call yourself a psychologist |
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Definition
deal with normal
everyday issues. Has a PhD, or PsyD |
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Term
| describe clinical psych proffession |
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Definition
use a variety of
assessments and therapies to treat mental disorders |
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Term
| describe the counseling pysch proffession |
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Definition
| Help people deal with normal everyday issues |
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Term
| describe the school psych proffession |
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Definition
practice in school settings; help
diagnose and treat learning disorders and
psychological problems which may affect a student’s
performance |
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Term
| describe the expiremental psch proffession |
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Definition
| use and do research in expirimental techniques |
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Term
| describe industrial/organizational psych proffession |
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Definition
practice in
business settings; help make workplaces safer and
more efficient |
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Term
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Definition
Organized systems of assumptions
that purport to explain phenomena
and their interrelationships |
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Term
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Definition
Attempt to predict or account for a set of phenomena;
specify relationships among variables, and are
empirically tested |
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Term
| What is the principle of falsifiability? |
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Definition
A scientific theory must make predictions specific
enough to confirm and/or disconfirm the theory.
The theory must predict not only what will happen,
but also what will not happen.
Has to be set up to be able to be proven wrong |
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Term
| What is a representative sample? |
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Definition
Group of subjects, selected from the
population for study, which matches
the population on important
characteristics such as age and sex, gender, race..... |
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Term
| describe what a case study is |
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Definition
an in-depth study of only one or two
individuals |
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Term
| drawbacks of using case studies for research |
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Definition
| Hard to get patients, limited sample size |
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Term
| describe the survey method |
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Definition
using interviews or
questionnaires to gather information
about a group of people |
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Term
| What is a correlational study? |
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Definition
A descriptive study
that looks for a consistent relationship between
two phenomena |
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Term
| What does a correlation measure? |
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Definition
how strongly two variables
are related to one another |
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Term
| Why does a correlation not establish a cause and effect relationship between two variables? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a test which actively manipulates
an independent variable
to determine cause
and effect |
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Term
| How does expirimental research differ from observational? |
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Definition
| Observational research only observes the phenomenon where expirimental changes a varible to test it |
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