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| gravitational field strength = |
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force in direction of movement x distance moved
(Joules) |
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| gravitational potential energy = |
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mass x gravity x height
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(useful energy/time)/power input
useful energy output/total energy input x100 (percentage) |
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work done/time taken
energy transferred/time taken
force x velocity
(Watts) |
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| weight of fluid displaced |
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| Weight of water displaced = |
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density x volume x gravity
(mass x gravity) |
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| laminar/streamline flow = |
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lower speeds
constant speeds within streamlines
predictable flow
less drag |
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higher speeds
unpredictable velocity
streamlines crossover
eddies/currents may form
more drag |
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| Terminal Velocity (with small sphere) = |
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| Tensile/Compressive stress = |
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force/cross sectional area
(Pascals) |
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| Tensile/Compressive strain = |
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| extention/original length |
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plastic deformation - stretch into wires
Copper - Wires |
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plastic deformation - stretch into wires
Copper - Wires |
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break/crack with little deformation BUT doesn't mean weak
Glass |
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ability to withstand impact, require a large force for small plastic deformation, ability to absorb energy.
Rubber |
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resist plastic deformation (dents/cuts)
Diamond drill bits |
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large plastic deformation before breaking
Gold Gilding |
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