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| Portuguese soldier who sailed for Spain and named the Pacific Ocean, first to circumnavigate the globe |
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| reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. |
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| Indian who founded the Iroquois Confederation |
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| Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" Boston. |
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| a Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's |
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| was responsible for naming Louisiana. He was the first European to float down the Mississippi river to the tip from Canada and upon seeing the beautiful river valley named Louisiana after his king Louis XIV in 1682 |
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| A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Pocasset ( now Portsmouth, R.I.) |
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| A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation." He also wrote The Mayflower Compact. |
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| Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America is commonly held to have been the first European encounter with the continent of North America since the Norse Vikings in the eleventh century |
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| In 1494 Spain and Portugal were disputing the lands of the new world, so the Spanish went to the Pope, and he divided the land of South America for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east. |
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| natives being forced to work under the Caribbean settlers |
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| The idea developed during North American colonial times that the Spanish utterly destroyed the Indians through slavery and disease while the English did not. It is a false assertion that the Spanish were more evil towards the Native Americans than the English were |
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| He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for challenging Puritan ideas. He later established Rhode Island and helped it to foster religious toleration |
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| Britain’s absence in colonial America due to pressing issues in England left the colonies alone for the most part to govern themselves. because of this absence that the colonies became more self sufficient. |
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| An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journeys until the time of his death in 1503. |
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| English Quaker;" Holy Experiment"; persecuted because he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; area was Pennsylvania; "first American advertising man"; freedom of worship there |
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| English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596), he was also the 2nd ever person the circumnavigate the globe and was the most famous sea dog |
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| According to this doctrine, the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country; they should add to its wealth, prosperity, and self-sufficiency. The settlers were regarded more or less as tenants. They were expected to produce tobacco and other products needed in England and not to bother their heads with dangerous experiments in agriculture or self-government. |
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| Portuguese Bartolomeu Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope on the Southern tip of Africa. |
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| Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist’s dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor. |
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| led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519. Conquistador responsible for defeat of the Aztec Empire. captured Tenochtitlan. He had heard rumors of a great kingdom in the interior so he began to stroke inland. With the help of the Indian allies, he and his followers won. Although the Aztec confederacy put up a stiff resistance, disease, starvation, and battle brought the city down in 1521. Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City. |
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| New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver and enslaved the Incas in 1532. |
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| last emperor of the Aztecs |
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| French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec. |
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| (assuming this is Henry VIII) broke ties to the Catholic Church in order to divorce his wife. created the Church of England with himself as the head. This would cause many Puritans to flee to America. |
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| any system of persons or things ranked one above another. |
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| "starting point" of history in the Americas (written languages are formed). Spanish would come here for wealth and would claim land for Spain. |
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| home to the Anasazi of the Southwest; example of how large settlements could be sustained through agriculture (in this case, mainly corn). Agriculture was also invented in Meso-America. |
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| Italian man that wrote about his trips to the New World. America was named after him by German mapmakers |
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| started the Protestant Reformation. wrote the "95 Theses" against the Catholic Church (and a little-know fact that you most likely will not see on the test: he also wrote a book called "The Jews and Their Lies"... I just found that interesting if not disturbing...) |
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| causality of events; cause : effect; chronological sequence of events |
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| to make easier or less difficult; help forward; to assist the progress of (a person) |
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| to bring into conformity with the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group, nation, or the like; adapt or adjust |
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| apparent, evident, or conspicuous |
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