S: antierior flagellum

S: plate-like christae in mitochondria

• absorptive heterotrophy
• chitin in their cell walls

• More protistan-like thann fufngal
• The only fungi with flagellated spores
• Parasitic

• coenocytic (multinucleate cell) hyphae

• S:  named b/c of their reproductive structures called asci  which are cup-shaped
• Produces multiple spores at tips of condiophores during asexual reproduction
• Includes parasitic species that cause chestnut blight & Dutch Elm tree disease
• Include yeasts, truffles, and edibles morales

• Includes puffballs and mushroom

• S: collar of microvilli
• single-celled
• marine

• S: presence of an exctracellular matrix
• S: heterotrophic
• S: special cell junction

• S: filter food through pores in thier outer walls (choanocytes)
• S: cells divide totipotent 
• S: spicules (structural elements of support)
• lack true tissues
• as adults they become sessile

• S: tissue
• S: nervous system
• Obvious body symmetry

• S: radial symmetry
• S: only two embryonic layer

• S: ctenes (cilia combs)

• S: nematocytes extensions used to capture prety (i.e.  jellyfish stingers)
• jellyfish, coral, hydras

• blastophere becomes the mouth
• ventral nervous system

• S: Having a feeding structure called a lophophore
• S: Having free living larvae, trochophore
• S: both bear distinctive rings of cilia

• diverse variety of forms

• i.e. tapeworms, flukes
• one hole for gastrovascular cavity
• Acoelomates - they have a blind sac
• Eyespots with light-sensitive pigments
• ability to regenerate

• i.e. earthworms, leeches
• Coelomate
• First group with segmented bodies
• Setae (bristles)
• close circulatory system

• i.e. snails, octupusses, squid, clams, scallops, oysters, chiton
• muscular foot
• visceral mass (a region of the body that contains digestory and respiration systems)
• mantle (secretes shell)
• many have a radula, "tongue" used to scrape food
• coelomates
• Soft bodies
• often bodies are covered by a hard exoskeleteton (e.g. shells fo clams)
• diverse environments

• largest group of mollusks
• torision
• single shell
• 
  

• Coelomates
• two shells
• siphon (tube-like structures through which water flows)
• filter feeders

• include the squid and octupus
• tentacles with suckers
• siphon (for propulsion through water)
• vertebrate-like eyes
• pen (vestigal shell for structural support)

• Comprises the largest group of animals
• Includes both the arthropods (insect, spiders, and crustaceans) and the nematodes
• S: their name refers to the fact they they regularly shed their cuticle through a process called ecdysis
• S: cuticle/exoskeleton

• Pseudocoelomates
• Complete digestive trct with mouth & anus

• include insects, spiders, lobsters, crabs
• Jointed appendages
• body separated into 3 main parts

• Includes crabs, lobsers, and barnacles
• Their exoskeleton is made of protein chitin & calcium
• Head has five pairs of appendages
• Respire via gills

• Include spiders, scorpions, spiders, mites & ticks, horsseshoe crab
• Body divided into two main divisions
• six pairs of appendages
• coelomates

• Includes centipedes and millipedes
• Four legs per body segment
• Slow-moving
• Many produce toxins as a defense mechanism

• Coelomates
• 3-Part body
• 3 sets of legs
• most, but not all, have wints
• metamorphosis, incomplete or complete

• Two pairs of wints, one hard pair covering a more delicate pair underneate

• Includes ants, bees, and wasps
• Chewing mouthpart
• Compound eyes, well developed
• Membranous wings
• Hind wings smaller than front wings (link by small hooks called hamuli)

• Includes grasshoppers and crickets
• Incomplete metamorphosis

• Includes moths & butterflies
• Wings are covered with microscopic scales
• Most have completely lost mandibles and instead developed a long probosis for drinking nectar from flowers

• Includes flies, mosquious, and gnats
• Pair of membranous wings

• Second whole becomes th emouth

ciliated larvae

• Wormlike
• marine
• 3-part body plan

• includes sea stars, sea urchins
• S: water vascular systems
• spiny skin
• radial symmetry as adults
• tube feet used for respiration and lcomotion

• S: NOtochord
• S: Hollow dorsal nerve tube
• S: Pharyngeal slits
• S: tail

• simple body plan, a sack with two siphons
• most have a larva that is free-swimming and exhibits all chordate characteristics

• small ell-like

• vertebral column, nerve
• Neural crest cells
• relatively well-developed brain
• paired complex eyes
• muscularized mouth and pharynx
• well-developed circultory sstem with a heart

• Lampreys
• ectoparasite
• lack paired fins

- hinged jaws

- paired fins