Term
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Definition
| study or science of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of pathological conditions through the use of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| study of biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs (propreties of drugs, pharmacologic interaction with suitable body receptors) |
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Term
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Definition
| study of drug distribution rates between various body compartments |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route-use to quantify the rate of absorption in the body. |
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Term
| factors affecting rate of drug absorption |
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Definition
| adminstration route, food, fluids administered with drug, status of absorption surface, rate of blood flow to small intestine, stomach pH, GI motility, and nutritiona status |
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Term
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Definition
oral, rectal, hepatic artery, portal vein They pass through liver first. |
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Term
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Definition
IV, IM, sub -Q, transdermal Inhalation, intranasal intraarterial sublingual, buccal intraoccular |
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Term
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Definition
| organ responsible for metabolism and excreting drugs |
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Term
3 primary proteins that bind and carry drugs |
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Definition
1. albumin 2. alpha-1 acid glycoprotein 3. corticosteroid-binding globulin. Albumin most important. |
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Term
| What happens if two drugs are being taken and they are high protein bound? |
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Definition
They will compete for binding protein. The first drug to the receptors is the first to get metabolised. Drug-drug interactions may occur. One drug/both may be free and unbound in circulation and toxicity can occur. |
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Term
| first areas of drug distribution |
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Definition
| vascular areas- heart, kidney, liver, brain |
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Term
| areas difficult for distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug metabolism occurs in: |
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Definition
liver kidneys lungs plasma intestinal mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the use of microsomal enzymes that control a variety of chemical reactions and aid in the transforming of medication. |
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Term
| Diseases that can alter biotransformation |
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Definition
renal failure/insufficiency congestive heart failure liver failure |
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Term
| conditions that alter biotransformation |
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Definition
starvation obstructive jaundice genetic disorders |
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Term
| drugs that can alter biotransformation |
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Definition
certain antibiotics some sedatives |
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Term
| steps of drug elimination in kidney |
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Definition
1. drug enters afferent arteriole of kidney 2. Glomerulus filter kidney (125ml/min) 3. Efferent artiole reabsorbs/ secretes via the proximal tubule/ Loop of Henle to distal tubule 4. Collecting duct carries drug metabolites 5. Drug excreted in urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs excreted by the intestine |
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Term
| Enterohepatic circulation |
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Definition
| Fat soluble drugs are in bile and reabsorbed, return to liver and are excreted into bile. These drugs have long half-lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed and is a measure of rate of removal. |
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Term
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Definition
hypersensitivity to a pharmacologic agent. |
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Term
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Definition
an individual's unique hypersensitivity to a particular drug, food, or other substance. |
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Term
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Definition
any reaction to or consequence of a medication or therapy |
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Term
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Definition
caused by some form of medical treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| effects on tissue and structures outside the cerebrospinal pyramid tract the brain, associated with body movement, excluding motor neurons, motor cortex, corticospina and corticobulbar tracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated administration of some drugs results in a rapid appearing and marked decrease in effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
increasingly resistance to a drug or other substance through continued exposure to the substance |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which two organ, substances, agents work simultaneously to enhance function and effects of one another. |
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Term
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Definition
combined effect of drugs that, when used in combination, produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separately measured individual effects. |
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