A Network

Links 2 or more computers together to communicate and share resources.

File Locking

The first software programs that ran on a LAN were not capable of permitting more than one user at a time to use a program (This constraint was known as what?)

Servers, Clients or Workstations, and Resources

When looking at the devices or resources available on a network, there are 3 types of components to be aware of.  What are they?

A network operating system (NOS) and some kind of shared medium.

Every network requires 2 or more items to tie the three comenents together. What are they?

File Servers

Servers that provide files to the users on the network are called what?

Print Servers

Servers that host printing services for users are called what?

A file server and printer server

If a server is multi-purpose, they can be what at the same time?

A file server OR A printer server

What type of server is a single-purpose server?

Dedicated

A _____ server is assigned to provide specific applications or services for the network, and nothing else.

Non-dedicated

_______ servers are assigned to provide one or more network services and local access.

Workstations

Computers on which the network users do their work are called what?

Client Computers

Workstations are also known as what?

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A special expansion card that allows the PC to talk on a network.

Site License

The arrangement allowing multiple users to use a single installation of an application.

Network Operating System (NOS)

Networks use a _____ to control the communication with resources and the flow of data across the network.

Peer-to-Peer

In a _____ network, the computers act as both service providers and service requestors.

Workgroups

Peer-to-peer networks are also referred to as what?

Server Based (client-server)

______ networks use one or more dedicated, centralized servers.

Domains

Server-based networks are also known as what?

Domain Controller

When you log into the network, the login request is passed to the server responsible for security, sometimes known as what?

A Topology

A way of laying out a network.

Physical Topologies

Describes how the cables are run.

Logical Topologies

Describes how the network messages travel.

Bus (can be both logical and physical)

Star (physical only)

Ring (can be both logical and physical)

Mesh (can be both logical and physical)

Hybrid (usually physical)

What are 5 primary topologies?

Bus Topology

It consists of a single cable that runs to every workstation.

Star Topology

Branches each network device off a central device called a hub, making it easy to add a new workstation.

Ring Topology

Each computer connects to two others , joining them in a circle and creating a unidirectional path where messages move from workstation to workstation.

Mesh Topology

Each device is connected to every other device.

(x*(x-1)) / 2

Formula to determine number of cables needed in a mesh topology.

Hybrid Topology

A simple mix of of the other topologies.

Bandwidth

A network architecture's performance is usually discussed in terms of what?

Baseband

Only one signal can be passed along a cable at one time.

Broadband

Multiple signals can be transmitted on the medium at one time.

Token Ring

Uses a physical star, logical ring topology.

Protocol

To facilitate communication across a network, computers use a common language called _____

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

The ISO introduced the __________ model to provide a common way of describing network protocols

Application Layer

Allows access to network services. This is the layer at which file services and print services will operate.

Presentation Layer

Determines the "look," or format, of the data. This layer performs protocol conversion and manages data compression, data translation, and encryption. The character set information is also determined at this level

Session Layer

Allows applications on different computers to establish, maintain, and end a session. A session is one virtual conversation. This layer enables network procedures, such as identifying passwords, logons, and network monitoring.

Transport Layer

Verifies that all packets were recieved by the destination host on a TCP/IP network. This layers most important job is to provide error checking and reliable, end-to-end communications.

Network Layer

Responsible for logical addressing of messages. At this layer, the data is organized into chunks called packets.

Data Link Layer

Arranges data into chunks called frames. This layer is very important because it makes transmission easier and more manageable and allows for error checking within the data frames. This layer also describes the unique physical address (also known as the MAC address) for each NIC.

Physical Layer

Describes how the data gets transmitted over a physical medium. This layer defines how each long piece of data is and the translation of each into the electrical pulses that are sent over the wires.

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Ethernet

Based on the IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD standard, what is the most well known example of a protocol?

Token Passing

A special chunk of data called a token circulates through the ring from computer to computer. Any computer that has data to transmit must wait for the token.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

The _______ suite is the most popular network protocol in use today, thanks mostly to the rise of the internet.

HOST

Any device with an IP address is referred to as a what?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP

File Transfer Protocol

FTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP

Post Office Protocol

POP

Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

At the Host-to-Host layer of the DoD model there are only 2 protocols, _____ and _______ .

Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP

Address Resolution Protocol

ARP

Media Access Control

MAC

Network ID and Host ID

Each IP address is made up of 2 components. What are they?

Subnet Mask

Computers are able to differentiate where the network address ends and the host address begins through the use of what?

Default Gateway

The IP address of the device that will take you outside your network.

Class A

What class of IP address is used for large networks

Class B

Class of IP address used for medium-sized networks

Class C

Class of IP address for smaller networks with few hosts

Class D

Class of IP address reserved for multicasts (sending messages to multiple systems)

Class E

IP address class reserved for testing.

Network basic input/output system

NetBIOS

NetBIOS Extended User Interface

NetBEUI

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange

IPX/SPX

IPX/SPX

A communication protocol similar to TCP/IP, but it's used primarily in LAN's

Appletalk

Not just a protocol, its a proprietary network architecture for Macintosh computers

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)

Appletalk uses _____ technology to put data on the cable.

TCP/IP

The default networking protocol on Macs

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Provides the physical interface between computer and cabling.

Coaxial Cable, Twisted Pair Cable, Fibre Optic Cable, and Wireless.

What are the 4 main types of cabling methods?

Fiber-Optic Cabling

__________ is immune to electromagnetic or radio-frequency interference.

802.3

Which IEEE 802 standard defines a bus topology using coaxial baseband cable and is able to transmit at 10 Mbps?

Transport Layer

Which OSI layer signals "all clear" by making sure the data segments are error free?

HTTP

Which TCP/IP protocol uses port 80?

A type of password used to help secure a wireless connection

What is the primary function of the SSID?

WPA2

What is the most secure wireless encryption standard for the 802.11x networks?

Plenum

If you are going to run a network cable in the space above the drop ceiling in your office, which type of cable should you use?

Bluetooth

Which wireless communication standard is often described in terms of a wireless personal area network?

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)

The 2 major cell standards in the US are?

Infrared Network

A ______ is a point-to-point network between 2 devices.

Secure and Fast Encryption Routine (Safer+)

For security, Bluetooth uses the __________ encryption routine, a 128-bit algorithm.