Client

A client requests services.

Network Adapter

AKA network interface card (NIC), is the hardware device that enables you to send and receive from your computer.

A network adapter can connect to the network by using cable (wired) or by air (wireless).

RJ45 is the most common type of network

adapter connection.

Hub

A host sends data to the hub. The hub sends the data to all devices connected to the hub. (Broadcast )

Router

Routes data from a LAN to another network connection.This communications link between the one network and the other is where the LAN ends.

Switch

Envoie uniquement à l’adresse concerné. Switches can send and receive data at the same time.

Node

A device on the network.

Server

Provides services.

Peer

Can be client and server.

Bandwidth

What you can use to talk over a network.

Media

What devices talk on.

LAN

Group of computers or devices that share a common communication medium, such as cabled or wireless connections.

Network Documentation

Helps describe, define, and explain the physical and logical method for connecting devices.

The documentation phase occurs before a network is built, or when changes are made to the network.

Microsoft Visio is a tool that can be used to document networks.

WAP

The wireless access point (WAP) acts as the central connecting device for the network.

Serial Data Transfer

Transfer of one bit at a time.

On the network cable, data travels in a single bit stream.

Data transfer Rate

Defines the maximum bits per second (bps) that can be transmitted over a network.

Broadcast

Sends data to every other host on the network.

Unicast

Sends data to a specific host.

IP Address

Identifies the device and the associated network and allow each devices to send and receive information.

Every IP address is broken down into 2 parts :

Network ID

                                   Host ID

Subnet / Masque de sous réseau

Group of four numbers that define what IP network the computer is a member of.

All of the 255s in a subnet mask collectively refer to the network portion, whereas the 0s refer to the host portion.

Host

The fact that a device or computer has an IP address is what makes it a host.

VLAN

Group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were connected together in a normal fashion on one switch, regardless of their physical location.

Star topology

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Most Common topology.

Each computer is individually wire to a central connecting device (hub, switch or SOHO router) with twisted-pair cabling.

Mesh topology

Every computer connects to every other computer; no central connecting device is needed.

Ring Topology

In a LAN environment, each computer is connected to the network using a closed loop.

Used by Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).

Token ring

Sends data logically in a ring fashion, meaning that a token goes to each computer, one at a time, and continues on in cycles.

Physically Token Ring computers are connected in a star fashion.

Namely, all computers in a Token Ring network are connected to a central connecting device known as a Multistation Access Unit (MAU or MSAU).

Ethernet

IEEE standard 802.3

Defines how information is sent and received between network adapters, hubs, switches, and other devices.

Common types of Ethernet include:

802.3u or Fast Ethernet that runs at 100 Mbps

802.3ab or Gigabit Ethernet

Ethernet is the de facto standard and is the most widely-installed local area network technology.

Computers on Ethernet networks communicate via frames.

Frame

Sequence of bits containing a detectable beginning and end of a packet in the stream of bits.

A frame is a data packet residing on Layer 2 of the OSI model.

Centralized Computing

Computing is done at a central location using terminals that are attached to this main system.

Mainframes are a powerful computer and the rest of the devices connected to the computer are known as terminals (or dumb terminals).

Each terminal consisted solely of a keyboard and display with no processing power.

P2P networking

Distributes applications or workloads between computers. Peers are both service providers and service requestors.

Distributive Computing

Includes both client-server and peer-to-peer networks. Every device or workstation has its own processing power.

Remote Desktop Services and Remote Sessions

Based off of the centralized computing model.

Thin-client computers do not have a hard drive and store an operating system in RAM, to be loaded up every time the device is turned on.

All other applications and data are stored centrally, this system is a blend of centralized and distributive computing.

Server

More powerful computers that provide centralized services: File

Print

Database

Network controller

Messaging/Email

Web

Data

A unit of information