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Definition
| Determine is a study is good and strong. An independant variable, and not an externeous factor, effects the dependant varible in the study |
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Definition
| The ability to generalize the study results to settings and groups beyond the research environment. |
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Definition
-An event occurring between the pretest and the posttest that cold impact the dependent variable
-A researcher can compare a control group that was not exposed to the event to the experimental group. |
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Definition
-the result of time passing
-A control group can be used to offer comparison. This would allow for the impact of the independent variable to be studied within the context of maturation. |
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-This effect is a result of participants become more comfortable and familiar with the test thus impacting the posttest results
- Use of control group that does not receive a pretest |
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Definition
When measurements are not accurate or standardized, internal validity may be compromised
-Use well-designed instruments |
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Definition
-this occurs when individuals are selected nonrandomly
-Use pretesting to ensure there are no pretreatment differences between groups. Do not let volunteer self-select their groups. |
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| Selection Maturation Effect |
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Definition
-A combination of selection and maturation biases where one group may mature at a different rate.
-Pretesting or prescreening on maturation rates can avoid this threat |
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Definition
-when participants are selected on the basis of their extreme scores. The high ranking particapants will score lower on the second test and the low ranking participants will score higher.
-Use participants with a full range of scores |
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Definition
-Participants die, move, or drop out
-Oversample, use large groups, use incentives to encourage participants to stay, document the effects of mortality/attrition |
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Definition
when participants attitudes towards being involved in a study affect the way they behave
-Provide the control groups with some special treatment that does not impact the dependent variable |
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Definition
-This is caused by expectations rather then the provided treatment
-Ensure that the control and experimental groups receive the same information and have the same expectations. Or give them both as little information as possible so they do not form expectations. |
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Definition
-This occurs when the treatment for one group impact the the other group
-Keep the groups as separated from each other as possible and emphasis confidentiality |
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-A result of interventions taking place in different locations.
-Use the same location for all groups or minimize the differences in locations. |
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-This is a result of the people implementing the treatment inadvertently introducing inequality or bias.
-Have someone besides the program developer present the program or have a neutral observer watch for bias. |
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| Selection Treatment Interaction |
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Definition
The ability of the researcher to generalize the results beyond the study group and setting
-A researcher should avoid overgeneralization by determining contributing factors and differences in a large group |
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| Setting Treatment Iteraction |
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Definition
This threat concerns the ability to duplicate the study in other settings or environmental conditions.
-Researchers should be aware of differences is participants and the setting and respond accordingly |
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Term
| History Treatment Interaction |
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Definition
When the researcher tries to generalize findings to the past and the future.
-Researcher should be aware of factors that are impacting the study. |
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