Term
| What is the normal intestinal wall thickness when non distended? |
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Definition
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Term
| A _________ sign may be seen in gastric carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| What can inflammation and neoplasm produce in the bowel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bowel wall thickening may cause _________ or _______ _____________ |
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Definition
| diminished or absent perstalsis |
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Term
| how does a bowel wall thickness appear? |
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Definition
| bowel wall thickness appears as a hypoechoic external rim corresponding to thickened intestinal wall and a hyperechoic center relating to a residual gut lumen or mucosal ulceration |
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Term
| The segment of esophagus between the diaphragm and the stomach is called |
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Definition
| gastroespohageal junction |
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Term
| on a sagittal midline view of the epigastrum, this is seen as a target sign to the left lobe of the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ ____________ is the most common cause of an acutely painful abd, causing it to be the most common condition that necessitates emergency surgery. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does patient present when they have acute appendicitis? |
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Definition
peri umbilical pain shifting to RLQ
leukocytosis
nausea, vomiting & low grade fever
rebound tenderness |
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Term
| _____________ __________ is the RLQ location of the most tender area in the early stages of appendicitis |
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Definition
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Term
| How is appendicitis caused? |
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Definition
| appendicitis is caused by the obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith or hyperplasia of the submucosa |
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Term
| what does mucosal secretion in the appendix increase? |
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Definition
| increase the intraluminal pressure and compromise venous and lymphatic drainage |
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Term
| what does bacterial infection in the appendix lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does perforation in the appendix lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is utilized to displace bowel gas and decrease the distance between the transducer and the appendix? |
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Definition
| graded compression ultrasound |
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Term
| what is the transducer of choice for evaluation of acute appendicitis? |
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Definition
| 5.0 MHz linear array with a short focus |
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Term
| what is the sonographic criteria for diagnosing an inflammatory appendix? |
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Definition
non compressible appendix
>= 6mm diameter
appendicolith (fecalith) |
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Term
| In female patients of child bearing age, RLQ pain may be due to pathology of the _________ or _________ structures |
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Definition
| appendix or gynecological |
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Term
| what can be observed with an inflammed appendix |
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Definition
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Term
| If next to the inflamed apendix, a fluid collection is found this is suggestive for an ________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| which stenosis has a 4-1 male to female ratio in GI tract? |
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Definition
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) |
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Term
| How is HPS characterized by? |
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Definition
| hypertrophy of the circular muscle resulting in elongation of the pylorus and constriction of the canal |
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Term
| What does the neonatal (3-6 weeks of age) patient present in HPS? |
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Definition
projectile vomiting
palpable olive shaped abdominal mass |
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Term
| What does the diagnostic criteria include for HPS? |
|
Definition
phyloric muscle thickness > 3mm
pyloric channel length >12 mm
pyloric cross section >15mm
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Term
| An increase in the pyloric diameter and length can be seen in |
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Definition
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
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Term
| ______________ is the inflammation of the diverticulum |
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Definition
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Term
| Diverticulum commonly involve the ________ colon |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the symptoms of diverticulitis? |
|
Definition
fever
leukocytosis
LLQ pain |
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Term
| What does the sonographic finding include for diverticula? |
|
Definition
thickening of the bowel wall (>4 mm)
abscess formation
inflammed diverticula (round echogenic structures) |
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Term
| what can cause mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO) |
|
Definition
intraluminal (food bolus)
bowel wall lesion (tumor, crohn's disease)
extrinsic (adhesions, hernia ) - most common |
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Term
| prolonged bowel obstruction can result in - |
|
Definition
bowel ischemia
bowel necrosis
septicemia
perforation
peritonitis |
|
|
Term
| what symptoms does bowel obstruction include |
|
Definition
abdominal distention
pain
vomiting
hypotension (fluid depletion)
leukocytosis |
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Term
| ___________ is a process in which a segment of intestine invaginates into the adjoining intestingal lumen. What is it called? |
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Definition
intussusception
telescoping |
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Term
| intussusception is the most common cause of obstruction in _________ and typically occurs less than _____ year of age |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what are the classic symptoms of intussusception? |
|
Definition
palpable abdominal mass
abdominal pain with vomiting
rectal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| what is the classic sign of an intussusception? |
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Definition
| physical findings of a sausage-shaped mass in the right hypochondrium |
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|
Term
| how does intussusception present sonographically? |
|
Definition
oval, pseudokidney appearing mass
on a transverse view, concentric rings of folded bowel |
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