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What type of tissue is this?

In the lumenal lining of intestines

functions in absorbtion and secretion

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What type of tissue is this?

found in the lumen of blood vessels

to allow flexibility of vessels

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What type of tissue is this?

consists of epithial cells that are layered.

The layer is mitotically active which produces new cells and as it does the cells become flattened.

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What tissue is this?

often found in the tracheal lumen

to beat their cilia that moves a stream of mucous to cleanse the trachea

Non-elastic

resistant to tearing when pulled lengthwise

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What type of tissue is this?

Loose connective tissue

(elastin are the thin wire looking strand)

(collagen is the thick looking strands seemingly beneath elastin)

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What type of tissue is this?

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What type of tissue is this?

composed of cells that store fat molecules that have a large central vacuole that pushes cell nucleaus to the periphery

it functions in energy storage and cushioning in body areas that recieve regular physical pressure

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What type of tissue is the area marked by bc?

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What type of tissue is this?

cells called osteoblasts that deposit a matrix of collagen fibers and various ions that combine to form a hardened matrix.

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What type of tissue is this?

skeletal muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

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What type of tissue is this?

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What type of tissue is this?

Longitudinal smooth muscle- runs length of intestines(inside)

circular muscle tissue- wraps around diameter of intestines(outside)

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What type of tissue is this and what is indicated by teh black arrows

Cardiac muscle tissue

Intercalated disks

Composed of fibers that are striated and branched

to convey contraction from one cell to the next

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What type of tissue and what specific cell is this?

Nervous tissue

A neuron

the glial cells are the tiny dark dots around the neuron

glial cells and neurons

Dendrites, cell body, and axon

glial cells- function to support neurons metabolically and physically

Nuerons- to recieve and send nueral impulses

What are molluscan shells composed of?

What is the shell secreted by?

calcium carbonate

secreted by the mantle

What is the exoskeleton of Arthropods composed of?

What secretes their shell?

composed of chitin, proteins, and calcium carbonate.

produced by underlying epidermis

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What type of clade do these organisms belong to?

[image]

[image][image]

What type of tissue is on the left and which one is in the center?

Left- sponge fibers

center- sponge spicules

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Identify the big black spheres?

[image][image]

What level clade do these organisms belong to and what form is the left and center in?

Phylum level clade Cnidaria

Left-medusa

Center- Polyp

Medusa- Mouth down

polyp- Mouth up

What germ layer does the epidermis derive from? Gastrodermis?

What are these two layer held together by?

epidermis- ectoderm

Gastrodermis-endoderm

Held together by the mesoglea

What type of clade is Platyhelmithes?

What clade belong under it?

a phylum level clade

Class turbellaris

Class Cestoda

Class Trematoda

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Turbellaria

Phylum Platyhelmithes

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Trematoda

Phylum Platyhelmenthes

What is the function of the mouth sucker?

Posterior Sucker?

Mouth sucker- to adhere to host and ingest fluids

Posterior sucker- Just to adhere to host

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Cestoda

Phylum Platyhelmithes

What characteristics of organisms in the clade mollusca?

(7 characters)

1.have a soft body

2.have a coelum

3.secrete an external shell

4. have a muscular ventral foot for locomotion

5.visceral mass that contains the coelum and most of the internal organs

6. Mantle that secretes shell

7.Mantle cavity that encloses gills

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Polyplacophora

Phylum Mollusca

1. no head

2. 8 dorsal overlapping plates

3. ventral foot that is flat and muscular

4. Are herbivorous and have radular teeth

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Gastropoda

Phylum Mollusca

What are the distinct features of the Gastropods?

(5 characters)

1. some have lost their shells

2.Shell endergoes coiling

3.undergo body torsion repositioning the visceral mass above the head

4. for herbivory have ribbon shaped radula

5. for carnivory have drill shaped radula

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What clade does this organisms belong to?

Class Bivalvia

Phylum Mollusca

1. consist of two shells that are hinged at the dorsal midline

2. two valves are tightly closed by adductor muscles

3. tongue shaped foot

4. two sets of well developed gills and two palps

5. Lack radula

What are the modes of locomotion for bivalves?

How do Scallops swim?

most are sedentary

Scallops swim by rapidly clasping their valves together

water is circulated through the incurrent siphon.

edible particles are then trapped in cilia and mucous that coat filamentatous gills. the muscous is then transported to the mouth and seperated by the palps.

water leaves through the excurrent siphon

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What clade do these organisms belong to?

Class Cephalopoda

Phylum Mollusca

What are the distinct characteristics of Cephalopods?

(6 Characters)

1. Shell absent or reduced(squid) except in chambered nautilus

2.Foot is modified into muscular excurrent siphon and tentacles with suction discs

3.swim by drawing water into mantle cavity and expelling it through excurrent siphon

4. large head merger with foot

5. Well developed vision and other sensory organs

6. Large Brain

What is the mode of nutrition for cephalopods?

What do they have to support this mode?

carnivorous predators

Have a beak like radular that delivers venomous saliva to subdue their prey

What are the general characteristics of the annelids?

(9 characters)

1. Have a coelum

2. exhibit metamerism

3.metameric structures include chaete, excretory organs, nervous ganglia, and circulatory structures

4. hydrostatic skeleton

5.Chitinized cuticle

6. closed circulatory system with "hearts"

7. paired nephridia to filter and contol osmotic balance and coelomic fluid

8.nervous sytem that runs along ventral side

9. have a cerebral ganglia

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What clade does this organism belong in?

Class Polychaeta

Phylum Annelida

What are the distinct characteristics of Polychaetes?

(2 characters)

1. have numerous well developed chitinous spines born off of parapodia

2. have head developed for life-style

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What clade does this organism belong in?

Class Oligochaeta

Phylum Annelida

What are the distict characteristics of the Oligochaetes?

(4 characters)

1. Specialized for burrowing

2. parapodia and chaetes are reduced

3. detritovores

4. digestive tracts adapted to detritivorous diets

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What clade does this organism belong to?

(leech)

Class Hirudinea

Phylum Annelida

1. have sucker mouths

2. are ectoparasitic

3. show distinct segmentation

4. body wall is pleated

they is blade like jaws or enzymes to bore a whole in hosts integument.

the secrete hirudin an anticoagulent to keep the host's blood from clotting .

The leeches uses compartment inside their intestine to store up blood. their pleated body wall allows them to store up large amounts of blood. once engorged with blood they detatch from host

1. exhibit tagmatism

2. have a layered cuticle exoskeleton that varies in thickness depending on the location on the body

3. Have highly specialized appendages

4. molt cuticle to grow

5. well-develope sensory organs

6. well developed gas exchange organs

What type of clade is crustacea?

What clade does it belong under?

Subphylum level

Phylum arthropoda

What are the general characteristics of organisms in the clade Crustacea?

(7 characters)

1. have two tagmata (the cephalothorax and abdomen)

2.ceophalothorax is covered by a singly piece of cuticle called the carapace

3. two pairs of antennaes

4.3 or more pairs of mouthparts

5.thorax contains walking legs

6. abdominal appendages specialized for swimming or reproduction

7. Exchange gas through thin parts of cuticle or throught the use of aquatic gills

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What clade does this organism belong too?

Clade also includes crabs and shrimp

Order Decapoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Phylum Arthropoda

1. heavy cuticle hardened by calcium carbonate

2. filamentatous aquatic gills 

3. use mouth parts appendages and major chelipeds to scavenge on a variety of living and dead prey.

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What clade do these organisms belong to?

class barnacles

subphylum Crustacea

Phylum Arthropoda

1. are sessile

2. produce heavy calcified shell-like cuticle that they cement to substrate

3. feed by trapping suspended food particles and plankton from the surrounding water using their appendages which they extend from an opening in their "shell

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What clade does this organism belong in?

Unranked Copepods

Phylum Arthropoda

What type of clade is Cheliceroforme?

What clade does it belong under?

Subphylum level clade

Phylum Arthropoda

What are the distinct characteristics of Chelicerates?

(4 characters)

1. have two tagmata: an anterior cephalothorax that bears 6 pairs of appendages and a posterior abdomen that lacks appendages

2. no atennae

3. Anterior most appendages are chelicerate which are pinching or piercing claws

4. the second set of appendages are pedipalps which are fout pairs of walking legs

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What clade does this organism belong to?

order Spiders

Subphylum Cheliceriforme

Phylum Arthropoda

What are the distinct feature of spiders?

(5 characters)

1. Use fang-like chelicerae to deliver venom and digestive enzymes into prey to break down the tissues before they ingest it

2. Have glands in the abdomen that produce silk that is released via spinnerets to construct webs.

3.terrestrial

4. book lung for gas exchange

5. open circulatory system

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Order scorpions

Subphylum Cheliceriforme

Phylum Arthropoda

1. enlarged pincer-like pedipalps

2. elongated flexible abdomen equipped with venom gland and peircing structure on poterior end

What type of clade are ticks and mites?

ordinal level clade

Subphylum Cheliceriforme

Phylum Arthropoda

What are the distinct characteristics of ticks and mites?

1. smallest cheliceriformes

2.ectoparasies

3. gases exchange through tracheal tube

[image]

What clade does this organism belong to?

Class horseshoe crabs

Phylum Arthropoda

1. have two tagmata (Cephalothorax and abdomen)

2. Have several plate like operculae that cover the book gills

3. Have pincer like chelicerae and pedipalps to scavenge on small prey

4. use book lung to exchange gases

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What clade does this organism belong in?

Subphylum Myriapoda

Phylum Arthropoda

What are the distinct characteristics of centipedes?

(3 characters)

1. dorso-ventrally flattened trunks composed of tagmatat that suppor a pair of walking legs

2. are carnivourous with claw-like mouth parts that deliver venom

 3. gas exchange through tracheal tubes

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What clade does this organism belong to ?

Subphylum Myriapoda

Phylum Arthropoda

What are the distinct characteristics of milipedes?

(2 characters)

1. have cylindrical bodies with two pairs of walking legs on each trunk tagmatum

2.herbivores with chewing mouthparts

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What clade do these organisms belong to?

Subphylum Hexapoda

Phylum Arthropoda

3

1. head

2. thorax

3. Abdomen

1. 3 tagmata

2. well developed sensory antennae

3. highly specialized mouth parts on head

4. three pairs of walking legs on thorax

5. no appendages on abdomen

6. most have two pairs of wings

1. embryonic development is dueterostomic

2. endoskeleton

3. Have a water vascular system

4.tube feet

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Asteroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

1. 5 or more arms that radiate out from a central disk

2.have internal skeletal plates that approach adjacent plates to form a fairly complete endoskeleton

3. Have gills that accomplish gas exchange

4. have calcareous ridges and short spines to deter predators

What is the mode of nutrition for asteroideans?

What do they eat and how do they accomplish this?

Carnivourous predators

feed on molluscs especially bivalves

Use of their tube feet to grasp prey and pry apart the shells enough to evert the lower part of their stomach to release digestive enzymes on the prey.

The sea star then consumes the digested tissues

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Class Echinoidea

Phylum Echinodermata

1. Calcareous skeletal plate that completely surround body called a test

2. have spines that are more developed than other echinoderms

3. lack arms

4. mouth shaped like aristotles lantern used to graze on algae

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What clade is this organism in?

Class Crinoidea

Phylum Echinodermata

1. attatched to substrate by a stalk(sea lillies)

2. arms radiate out from the top of stalk(sea lillies)

3. use arms for suspension feeding

4. crawl on long flexible arms(feather stars) note: non specimens of this in lab

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What clade does this organism belong under?

Class Holothuroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

What are the distinct characteristics of organisms in the clade Holothuroidea(sea cucumbers)?

(4 characters)

1. reduced skeletal plates 

2. soft bodied

3. 5 rows of tube feet to crawl

4. 5 rows of tube feet modified into feeding tentacles that circle the mouth

1. Dorsal tubular nerve chord

2. notochord

3.Post-anal tail

4. Pharynx with pharyngeal clefts or slits

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What clade does this organism belong to?(Lancelet)

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Phylum Chordata

1. basket shaped Pharynx

2. notochord that provides internal support and anchors segmented lateral muscles that contract and flex the body

3. Dorsal hollow Nerve chord dorsal to the notochord

4. Posterior anal tail that allow for propolsion and burrowing

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What clade does this organism belong to?

Subphylum Urochordata

Phylum Chordata

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What clade does this organism belong to and what stage is it is?(Tunicate)

subphylum Urochordata

Larval Tunicate

What are the characteristics of Urochordates?

(5 characters)

1. adults are vase shaped

2.adults have two opening the incurrent and excurrent siphon

3. adult forms have no nerve cord, notochord, or tail

4. larva have tail with segmented muscles and all Chordate characteristics

5. Planktonic Larval Urochordate settle down to the benthos and absorb all chordate characteristics except the pharynx which grows into a basket like structure for suspension feeding

What type of clade is Vertebrata?

What clade does it belong under

subphylum level clade

Phylum Chordata

1. Dueterostomic

2. are Crainiates

3. have a vertebral column

Agnatha include jawless fish

Gnathostomatas inclue jawed vertebrates

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What clade does this organism belong in?

Class Petromyzontida

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

What are the characteristics of Petromyzontida(lampreys)?

[image]

(5 characters)

1.Jawless

2. Crainiate

3.Posses circular suctorial mouth

4. ectoparasitic

5.lack paired fins

What clade Does the organism on the left belong to? The Right?[image][image]

Left-Class Peromyzontida

Subpylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

(ammoecete larva)

Right- Subphyum Cephalochordata

Phylum Chordata

(Amphioxus larva or Brachiostoma)

Class Chondrichthye

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. Endoskelton made mostly of Cartilage that is hardened with calcium

2.scales that show mineralization

3. enlarged teeth in sharks and crushing tooth plates in rays and ratfishes derived from scales around mouth

[image]

What type of clade does this organism belong to?

Class Osteichythes

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. endoskeleton composed of bone

2.Have fins that are limited to the structure of the rays of bone.

3. includes the ray finned and lobed finned fishes

1. Lack epidermal scales

2. Have numerous mucous producing glands

3. Have aquatic larval stages

[image]

What type of clade does this organism belong to?

Order Urodela

Class Amphibia

Subphylem Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

What are the characteristics of the clade Urodela(salamanders)?

(2 characters)

1. Well-developed tail

2. four well developed limbs

[image]

What clade does this organism belong in?

Order Anura

Class Aphibia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. Aquatic larva

2. In adult tail is lost

3. Strong hind limbs for hopping

4. hind limbs long than front limbs

[image]

What clade does this organism belong in?

Order Apoda

Class Amphibia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. Lost legs

2. Burrowing creatures

3. streamlined and eyes are reduced

1. have epidermal scales or feathers

2. have no fur or hair

[image]

What clade does this organism belong to?

Order Turtles

Class Reptilia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. a shell composed of enlarged bony plates that are fused to the vertebral column

2. Outer layer composed of enlarged epidermal scales

3. Lack teeth but have hardened epidermal covering of the jaws

[image]

What clade does this organism belong to?

Order Crocodillia

Class Reptillia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

What are the characteristics of the Crocodillians?

(4 characters)

1. includes alligators and crocodiles

2. Semi-aquatic predators

3. elongate flattened jaws that contain numerous cone shaped teeth

4. Large epidermal scales

[image]

What clade does this organism belong to?

Order Birds

Class Reptillia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

What are the characteristics of birds?

(5 characters)

1. Forelimbs modified into wings

2. epidermal scales covering integument in some places

3. covered mostly by feathers

 4. no teeth

5. have a beak

contour and downy feather

Contour-have vanes that are formed by attachment interaction between adjacen barbs

Downy- feathers grow close to body surface to retain heat. barbs do no interact with adjacent barbs

Order Squamata

Class Reptilia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

Snakes- lost leges, lack internal ear openings

Lizards- Four well developed walking legs, external ear opening present on each side of head

What type of clade is Mammalia?

What clade does it belong under?

Class level clade

Subphylum Vertebrata

Phylum Chordata

1. fur or hair

2. changes in modes of reproduction