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Key Principles of Good Research |
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1. Significant Question 2. Tie with Theory 3. Proper Method 4. May be replicated 5. Logical chain of reasoning 6. Reviewed and/or critiqued |
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1. Non-experimental 2. Quasi-experimental 3. Experimental |
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1. Basic 2. Applied 3. Action 4. Evaluation |
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aka position of researcher 1. Positivistic 2. Interpretive 3. Critical |
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1. Quantitative 2. Qualitative 3. Mixed Methods |
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Parts of a Research Article |
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1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review 4. Methodology 5. Findings 6. Interpretation / Implication 7. Conclusion 8. References |
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Techniques for Formulating Research Questions |
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1. AITQ 2. Stemming 3. Lensing 4. Questioning |
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1. Observation 2. Interviews 3. Questionnaires 4. Data Research |
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No manipulation in study Get data, frequency, etc. |
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Allows for control of variables (factors that may vary) Control of conditions (Cause-effect, random assignment) |
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Approximate what we cannot experiment (mix of experimental) |
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developing theory, measure cause and effect phenomenon of the work |
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test theory in different contexts or different variables |
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research for the purpose of finding action steps to make situation better, researcher makes changes in a small area |
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evaluate (put value) to a program |
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objective stance, remains outside, uses little interpretation of data no bias or opinion influence |
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finds deeper/real meaning of words and numbers, more interpretation on researcher's part |
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asks the people who are going to benefit what they meant by something, more interpretation on subjects part |
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Numbers, numerical value Depth |
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descriptions and appearances with words Breath |
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both qualitative and quantitative, often qualitative explains/supports quantitative |
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Look at data for findings/patterns, does not seek something particular, themes emerge and conclusions are drawn from themes |
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knowledge beforehand of what to look for, seek evidence to answer/support findings, pin-point analysis and seek within data |
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explains why you should read the article |
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significance of research, why? |
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what do we know? theories built on organized and analyzed according to the study |
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How was the data collected? Who? When? How was the data used? Systematic procedure |
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What was found? Results? NO INTERPRETATION |
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Interpretation / Implications |
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Meaning? So what? Was hypothesis wrong/right? Analysis of findings, Discussion |
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end to paper, further study is needed? |
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Citations/References to articles used in paper, refer to what is actually in article, NOT A BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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Area of Study Issue (around...) Topics (how, do they work...) Questioning (picking a topic and building a question) |
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branching to find a commonality |
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refocusing until and ultimate question is apparent |
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making a statement, then turning into a question, |
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A: allows researcher to witness behaviors D: a lot of room for misinterpretation of behaviors |
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A: less costly/time-consuming, convenient for everyone, maintain anonymity, large quantities of data D: researcher cannot return to subjects |
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A: more complex questions can be asked, further explanations by subjects, better for illiterate subjects, researcher can capture intonation/expression/tone D: less anonymous, time consuming, fewer subjects can be interviewed |
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mining existing data, organizing and analyzing existing data |
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"cherry picking" the findings/results, comes into play with interpretive and critical research paradigms |
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how often something occurs |
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part of a statistical population to be studied |
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using the different ways of collecting data to support each other |
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researcher is also a participant in study |
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study to understand natural phenomonons |
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description and interpretation of a cultural or social group system |
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frame of reference to compare changes to |
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