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| Spanish American War (1898) |
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| Cuba's insurrection against Spain was the primary event leading to the Spanish-American War. Americans first wanted to stay neutral but Yellow Journalists falsified stories and photos of "Spanish" atrocities, which helped to turn public opinion. The Sinking of the USS Maine was also a key event. U.S. acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba emerged independent. |
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| Type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched sources and instead uses eye-catching headlines and falsified stories to gain profits. The terms was extensively used to describe major NYC newspapers during the 1900's. |
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| Domestic program formed upon three ideas (the three c's); conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. The Deal was aimed at helping the middle class and attacking trusts. |
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(1920) Prohibits any U.S. citizen from being denied the vote based on sex; culmination of woman's suffrage movement in the United States.
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the amendment. |
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(1896) "Separate but Equal"
Upheld Jim Crow laws until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. |
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| Introduced by Nixon, federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level. It requires the EPA to develop and enforce regulations to protect the public from airborne contaminants. |
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| During Monroe's presidency, a time of great expansion (U.S. acquired Oregon and Florida), it was also a time without conflict between political parties. The Federalist party dissolved, with the Democratic-Repubicans in power. The Era ended with the election of Jackson in 1825. |
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Wall Street stock market crash of 1929. Signaled the beginning of the 10 year Great Depression.
Caused by over-speculation and WWI debt. |
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| Movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural South to escape racial hardship. Moved to cities such as NYC, Chicago, New Haven, and Californian cities. |
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| Cultural movement that spanned the 1920's in Harlem, NYC. Gave rise to the arts, literature, music and black nationalism. Key people were Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey and others. |
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| (1783) Ended the American Revolutionary War between newly formed United States and their initial establishers, Great Britain. |
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| Series of laws passed by Great Britain that restricted colonial foreign trade to force colonial development into lines favorable with England. |
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| First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property. |
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| The Sugar Act (The American Revenue Act) |
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| (1764) British parliament modified the Sugar and Molasses Act in an attempt to force colonies trade with the British West Indies and stop the from trading with nations such as France. Their goal was to raise English trade revenue. |
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| Final spark to the Revolutionary War. The British sought to sell British East India Co. Tea as the company was in a financial crisis. The Act never actually taxed tea, but Colonists thought it to be a provocation of the Townshend Act. |
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| The acts taxed goods imported directly from Britain. It was the first tax of its type in the colonies. The colonists ultimately pressured Britain into repealing the Acts by organizing a successful boycott of British goods. |
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| Under Thomas Jefferson. It forbade trade with Britain and France in response to British and French harassment of U.S. Merchant Ships. The law devastated America's import and export business, causing a slight recession in New England. Confrontations over issues eventually led to the War of 1812. |
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The U.S. declared war on Great Britain due to the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy and confrontations from the earlier Embargo Act.
Great Britain blockaded the U.S. Atlantic coast + New Orleans, burnt down the newly constructed White House. General Andrew Jackson won a famous battle (The Battle of New Orleans). |
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| Democratic-Republicans (Jeffersonians) |
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| Formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1791; dissolved in 1825. The party supported small government and denounced Hamilton's national bank act as unconstitutional. The party favored states' rights, agrarianism & isolationism. |
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| Formed by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams in 1794; dissolved in 1829. Hamilton was committed to a fiscally sound and nationalistic gov't. Federalist policies called for a national bank, and good relations with Great Britain. Federalists supported a strong centralized government. |
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Black educator, author, orator.
Spoke on behalf of the large majority of blacks who lived in the South. Booker T. Washington was born into slavery and became a leading figure in black politics. He worked for the overall betterment of blacks, particularly in the South. He believed cooperation with whites was the surest way to overcome racism.
Founded the Tuskegee Institute. |
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Sociologist, Historian, Civil-Rights activist.
Du Bois rose to prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, which sought immediate and full equal rights for blacks. He rejected Booker T. Washington's beliefs that Southern blacks submit to white political rule and insisted on increased political representation.
Cofounder of the NAACP (1909) |
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| Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party |
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Progressive Party of 1912.
Formed by President Theodore Roosevelt, after a split in the Republican Party between himself and later President William Howard Taft.
Roosevelt nominated Taft to succeed him in the 1908 election, but Taft grew increasingly Conservative and so Teddy Roosevelt ran for re-election under his own newly formed Bull Moose Party and won. |
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(1820's-1830's) Philosophical movement, believed in the inherent goodness of people + nature and rejected the Christian belief that humans are born sinful. Believed organized religion corrupted society.
Key authors were Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau. |
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The forced relocation of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations from their homeland in the Southern U.S. to territory West of the Mississippi.
60,000 Native Americans died of the 130,000 that were relocated. |
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| Reform institutions in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Chicago's Hull House is the best known settlement house. They sought to remedy poverty and provide neighborhood services during the Great Depression. |
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(1903) Under Teddy Roosevelt.
Concerned Cuba & committed Cuba to American semi-control. Under the Platt agreement Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation without U.S. approval. Cuba granted the U.S. the right to intervene if domestic order dissolved. |
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| Removal Act 1830 (Indian Removal Act) |
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| Signed into law by Jackson. The act authorized him for the removal of Native Americans in Southern United States to territory West of the Mississippi in exchange for their homeland; lead to the Trail of Tears. |
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| allowed government to collect income taxes and created graduated tax, both of which made America's tax system more efficient and much fairer to the poor and middle classes. |
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| (1913) required that Senators be voted in by the Popular vote instead of state legislators. |
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(1774) Patriot name for a series of punitive laws passed by British parliament relating to Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party event. The acts stripped Mass. of self-government, triggering outrage and resistance.
A key development in the outbreak of the U.S. Revolution. |
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| Popularized by Nixon, referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Nixon saw that the middle Americans were being overshadowed. |
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| Raised taxes on many goods by about 50%. Voters were outraged by the policy, causing a Democratic landslide next election cycle where Cleveland was elected to a 2nd term over Harrison. |
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| created to entice workers, (mainly female). Guaranteed employees housing in a respectable, chaperoned boarding house, cash wages, and participation in cultural and social events. |
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Convention of delegates called together from the 13 colonies, governing body of the U.S. during the Revolution.
Issued the declaration of Independence & Formed the Continental Army. The Congress could not raise taxes & states printed their own money. |
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Treaty which ended WWI when European nations did not accept Wilson's 14 Points plan. The treaty dealt harsh penalties to the defeated Central Powers, mainly Germany.
Established the League of Nations but excluded the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Communist Russia). |
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Peace treaty that ended that ended the War of 1812, declaring a stalemate.
Communication was slow, so even though the war was ended word of it was unheard of and The Battle of New Orleans commenced. |
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Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory from Napoleon at a price of $15 million. The acquired land doubled the size of the United States overnight.
The purchase was against Jefferson's political views as he believed in small government. |
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| Transportation Revolution |
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| Westward movement beyond the appalachian Mountains. Northeast was urbanized due to the Industrial Revolution and Southerners had exhausted the land. Americans moved westward (known as pioneers). Artisans and skilled workers followed, creating cities such as San Francisco and Chicago. |
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Financial crisis in the U.S. under Martin Van Buren that created a major recession which lasted until the 1840's. Recession persisted for nearly 7 years; banks collapsed, businesses failed and thousands were unemployed.
Caused by over-speculation and the failure of Jackson's policies. |
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1920-1923. Bribery incident that took place in the U.S. under Warren G. Hardings Presidency. Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy Petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome Wyoming to private oil companies without competitive bidding.
Greatest political scandal before Watergate. |
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| Nixon's political scandal during the 1970's. Under Nixon the Democratic National Committee HQ was broken into and the FBI connected the burglars with a slush fund used by Nixon's campaign organization. It was revealed that Nixon had wire-tapped the building. Nixon faced impeachment, but resigned in 1974. His successor Gerald Ford pardoned him. |
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| (1823) Policy stating that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with North and South America would be viewed as an act of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. It also adopted isolationism concerning European concerns. The U.S. wanted to guarantee that no foreign power would move in. European powers were unable to regain lost colonies due to the British Navies control of the oceans. |
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Package of 5 bills which defused a four year confrontation between slave states of the South and free states of the North. It was drafted by Whig Senator Henry Clay and brokered by Democrat Stephen Douglas.
TX surrendered its claim to New Mexico, as well as its claims north of the Missouri Compromise. California was admitted as a free state. NM and UT territories could decided in the future to become slave states through popular sovereignty.
The South gained a stronger Fugitive Slave Act and slavery was preserved in D.C., although the slave trade was banned. |
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Characterized by widespread religious revival led by Evangelical Protestant ministers.
Period of religious fervor in the middle of the 18th century. |
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Evangelical, Fire and Brimstone Protestant Preacher and theologian. He was a key figure in the Great Awakening during the mid-1700's.
Author of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" |
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| Philosopher, psychologist, educational reformer, founder of pragmatism and a major representative of progressive education and Liberalism. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Brought an official end to the Mexican American War (1846-1848).
Called for Mexico to cede Arizona, California, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada & Utah in exchange for $15million.
Stipulated the U.S./Mexican border to be at the Rio Grande river. |
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| Period of social activism and political reform. Flourish from the 1890's to the 1920's. Main goals were the purification of government, providing education, and a safe workplace. |
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| Union General William T. Sherman lead some 60,000 soldiers on a 285 mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. Sherman adopted a Total War policy, the intention being to frighten Georgians into submission. |
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| Scopes Trial (Scopes Monkey Trial) |
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State of Tennessee v. John Scopes
Legal case in 1925 in which a highschool teacher was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any public school. Scopes was found guilty and all evidence of evolution was removed from TN textbooks. |
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Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Gave blacks the vote. |
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| 1868. Overruled the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision and declared blacks to be equal (which it didn't really do) |
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| March on Washington, 1963 |
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| Civil Rights March on Washington, where Martin Luther King gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. |
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| Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) |
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| 1990-1991. A war waged by a U.N.-authorized Coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. |
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1981-1989. Republican president who implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives known as supply-side economics; dubbed "Reaganomics".
One of his downfalls was the Iran-Contra Affair.
He causes Republicans to orgasm. |
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| Political scandal under Reagan administration in which officials secretly sold arms to Iran. |
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| 1947-1991. state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the Eastern Bloc, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. |
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| outlawed racial, ethnic discrimination. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools |
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