Term
|
Definition
| By AD 1000, was a major center of trade, shops, crafts, and religious and political activities. It was the first urban center in what is now the United States. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from Europe, Africa, and Asia to and from the Americas after Columbus’s fateful voyage in 1492. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Spanish term for “conquerors”, specifically the explorers, adventurers, and soldiers who crushed the native peoples of the Americas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A feudal labor arrangement, imposed in the Spanish colonies of the Americas, by which Spanish settlers were granted a certain number of Indian subjects who were obliged to pay tribute in goods and labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Businesses in which investors pooled capital for specific purpose, such as conducting trade and founding colonies. Examples include the English joint-stock companies that founded the Virginia, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agreement, signed aboard the Mayflower among the pilgrims, en route to Plymouth Plantation (1620), to establish a body politic and to obey the rules of the governors they chose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term, initially derisive, referring to English religious dissenters that the religious practices and administration of the Church of England too closely resembled those of the Catholic church; many migrated to Massachusetts Bay after 1630 to establish a religious commonwealth based on the principles of John Calvin and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adherents of a religious organization founded in England in the 1640s who believed that the Holy Spirit lived in all people; they embraced pacifism and religious tolerance, and rejected formal theology. In the decades after 1670, thousands of Quakers emigrated to New Jersey and Pennsylvania. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negotiated by the pope in 1494, this treaty resolved the territorial claims of Spain and Portugal; in the Western Hemisphere Portugal was granted Brazil, while Spain was granted nearly all the remaining lands. |
|
|
