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U.S. History
TAKS related vocab
46
History
10th Grade
01/05/2009

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Term
1787
Definition
Constitutional Convention meets in Philadelphia and drafts Constitution
Term
1776
Definition
Declaration of Independence signed
Term
1789
Definition
final ratification of Constitution
Term
1861
Definition
southern states establish Confederate States of America; Lincoln inaugurated; Confedreate forces bombard Ft. Sumter
Term
1863
Definition
Emancipatiion Proclamation; Battle of Gettysburg won by Union army
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
issued by Lincoln to free slaves in Confederate south (1863).
Term
Robert E. Lee
Definition
Confederate general who surrenders to Grant(1865), ending the Civil War.
Term
1865
Definition
Lee surrenders, ending Civil War; Lincoln assassinated
Term
ratify
Definition
approve
Term
George Washington
Definition
commander in chief of Continental army during the American Revolution; defeated Cornwallis at battle of Yorktown; encouraged U.S. to stay neutral during French Revolution; 1st pres. of U.S.
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
wrote Declaration of Independence; minister to France 1785-1789; 3rd pres of U.S.; Louisiana Purchase 1803
Term
Cornwallis
Definition
British general defeated by Washngton at Yorktown in last major battle of Amer. Rev.
Term
Battle of Yorktown
Definition
last major battle of Amer Rev: Washington defeated Cornwallis
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
1776; listed reasons why colonists no longer willing to live under British rule
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
1st govt of U.S.; had several weakneses: states had too much power and nat'l govt couldn't levy taxes
Term
U.S. Constitution
Definition
established purpose and structure of U.S. govt; supreme law of the land
Term
rights guaranteed by Declaration of Independence
Definition
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness/unalienable rights
Term
Federalist Papers
Definition
1787-1788;lexander Hamilton, Jamesmadison, John Jay; incresed support for separation of powers and system of checks and balances; promoted federalism
Term
federalism
Definition
shared power between national and state govts
Term
republic
Definition
citizens rule through elected representatives
Term
checks and balances
Definition
each branch of the federal govt has power to check olimit the power of the other two branches
Term
separation of powers
Definition
Powerdivided into three branches of govt: executive, legislative, judicial
Term
legislative branch
Definition
makes the laws: Congress (House of Representative) and Senate
Term
executive branch
Definition
enforces the laws: President and his agencies
Term
judicial branch
Definition
interprets the laws: Supreme Court and other federal courts
Term
amendment
Definition
a change to the Constitution
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
first 10 amendments to Constitution that provide people with protection from the govt
Term
Civil War amendments
Definition
13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
Term
Nullification Crisis
Definition
belief (John C. Calhoun) that a state had the right to nullify, or declare illegal, a federal law within its borders. Pres. Jackson said military force could be used if a State refused to obey a federal law.
Term
Civil War
Definition
1861-1865; key issue was slavery (states right to decide whether or not to allow slavery.
Term
Abraham Lincoln
Definition
pres of Union
Term
Jefferson Davis
Definition
pres of Confederacy
Term
Ulysses s. Grant
Definition
head of the Union Army
Term
1st amendment
Definition
freedom of speech, press, assembly, and right to petition govt
Term
2nd amendment
Definition
right to bear arms
Term
3rd amendment
Definition
no quartering if troops in a person's home
Term
4th amendment
Definition
no unreasonable searches or seizures
Term
5th amendment
Definition
rights of accused:cannot be tried twice for same crime (no doublke jeopardy), don't have to testify against yourself, must have due process of law
Term
6th amendment
Definition
right to a speedy and public trial
Term
7th amendment
Definition
right to trial by jury
Term
8th amendment
Definition
prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment
Term
9th amendment
Definition
rights stated in Constitution are not the only rights people have
Term
10th amendment
Definition
powers not assigned to the federal govt nor denied to the states are reserved to the states or the people
Term
13th amendment
Definition
abolished slavery
Term
14th amendment
Definition
granted citizenship to African Americans and former slaves, gave all citizens equal protection under the law
Term
15th amendment
Definition
person could not be denied the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of serviyude"
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