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| American statesman, he was a delegate to the Continental Congress, a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence, vice president to George Washington, and the second president of the United States |
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| American statesman, and member of two Continental Congresses, chairman of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration’s main author and one of its signers, and the third president of the United States. |
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| Federalist leader who served in the House of Representatives and as U.S. Secretary of State, he later became the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, establishing in Marbury v. Madison the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review. |
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| Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review |
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| the Supreme Court’s power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional |
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| the purchase of French land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains that doubled the size of the United States |
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| Federalist leader who served in the House of Representatives and as U.S. Secretary of State, he later became the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, establishing in Marbury v. Madison the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review. |
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| American soldier and friend of Meriwether Lewis, he was invited to explore the Louisiana Purchase and joined what became known as the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
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| Lewis and Clark Expedition |
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| an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase |
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| Shoshone woman who, along with her French fur-trapper husband, accompanied and aided Lewis and Clark on their expedition |
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| Army officer sent on a mission to explore the West, he was ordered to find the headwaters of the Red River. He attempted to climb what is now known as Pikes Peak in Colorado. |
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| the practice of forcing people to serve in the army or navy; led to increased tensions between Great Britain and the United States in the early 1800s |
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| the banning of trade with a country |
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| a law that prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries |
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| a law that replaced the Embargo Act and restored trade with all nations except Britain, France, and their colonies |
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| Shawnee chief who attempted to form an Indian confederation to resist white settlement in the Northwest Territory. |
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| U.S. victory over an Indian confederation that wanted to stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory; increased tensions between Great Britain and the United States |
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| members of Congress who wanted to declare war against Britain after the Battle of Tippecanoe |
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| American statesman, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, the fourth president of the United States, the author of some of the Federalist Papers, and is called the father of the Constitution for his proposals at the Constitutional Convention. He led the United States through the War of 1812. |
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| Nicknamed Old Hickory, he was an American hero in the Battle of New Orleans. As commander of the Tennessee militia, he defeated the Creek Indians, securing 23 million acres of land. His election as the seventh president of the United States marked an era of democracy called Jacksonian Democracy. |
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| a treaty signed after the U.S. victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend; the Creek were forced to give up 23 million acres of their land |
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| the greatest U.S. victory in the War of 1812; actually took place two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed ending the war |
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| a meeting of Federalists at Hartford, Connecticut, to protest the War of 1812 |
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| a treaty signed by the United States and Britain ending the War of 1812 |
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