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| the first colony in America; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia |
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| (c.1580–1631) English colonist to the Americas who helped found Jamestown Colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing |
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| (c.1595–1617) American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe |
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| a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |
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| (1676) an attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians and the colonial government in Virginia |
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| a Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America |
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| (c.1750–1797) African American abolitionist, he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement and writer of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano |
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| laws passed in the colonies to control slaves |
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| Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England |
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| a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas |
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| a person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland |
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| (1620) a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government |
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| (?–1622) Patuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America; he taught the Pilgrims native farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag, the Indians at the feast later known as Thanksgiving |
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| (1588–1649) Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who led Puritan colonists to Massachusetts to establish an ideal Christian community; he later became the colony’s first governor |
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| (1591–1643) Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people’s relationship to God did not need guidance from ministers; she was tried and convicted of undermining church authorities and was banished from Massachusetts colony; she later established the colony of Portsmouth in present-day Rhode Island |
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| (1620) a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government |
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| (c.1610–1672) Director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English |
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| Society of Friends; Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people |
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| (1644–1718) Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania; the colony provided an important example of representative self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance |
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| a crop that is continuously in demand |
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| a political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues; used primarily in New England |
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| (1689) a shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament |
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| trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and Africa |
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| a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies |
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| a religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s |
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| the Age of Reason; movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government |
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| (c.1720–1769) Ottawa chief who united the Great Lakes’ Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlements, he attacked British forts in a rebellion known as Pontiac’s Rebellion; he eventually surrendered in 1766 |
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| (1722–1803) American revolutionary who led the agitation that led to the Boston Tea Party; he signed the Declaration of Independence |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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| committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws |
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| a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents |
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| (1770) an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people |
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| (1773) a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party |
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| (1773) a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor |
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| (1774) laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies |
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