Term
| Who created the US Sanitary Commission, and what was the purpose of the organization? |
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Definition
Abraham Lincoln
- To promote sanitary conditions in military camps and support the volunteer efforts to provide food and water to the soldiers |
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Term
| What organization inspired the creation of the Sanitary Comission? |
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Definition
| Womens Central Association of Relief |
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Term
| How did "Mother" Bickerdyke play a major role in the Civil War? |
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Definition
-She was a major fundraiser and then she became an agent for the Sanitary Commission and inspected camps
- Set up covalescent hospitals
- Used Government supplies
- Was a great motivational speaker and comforted the soldiers |
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Term
| What were the similarities between the North and South at the beginning of the Civil War? |
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Definition
-Each side blamed the other for the breakup of the Union
- Both were largely unprepared for the coming war
- Each side though it'd win easily in a short war
- Both sides boasted of their superiority and scorned each other |
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Term
| Where and When did the Civil War begin? |
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Definition
Fort Sumter
Charleston, South Carolina
April 12, 1861 |
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Term
| Why did the war begin at Fort Sumter? |
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Definition
| Because the confederates needed to control their territory as a sign of sovereignty |
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Term
| Why did the Southerners enlist eagerly? |
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Definition
- Southerners believed that Southern honor would contrast with Northen cowardice
- The South accepted the war as a fight against tyranny
- They thought war was an exciting short adventure
- Wanted to please local communities that had grand farewell parties before they left for the war |
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Term
| What states left the Union during the first secession between December 1860 and February 1, 1861? |
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Definition
Texas
Louisiana
Mississippi
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina |
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Term
| What states were referred to as the border states? |
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Definition
Missouri
Kentucky
Marlyand
Delaware |
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Term
| Why was the border states' decision important? |
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Definition
- They gave control of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers to the Union
- They decreased the manufacturing capacity of the South
- They undermined the South's argument about seceding to the South to protect slavery
- The border states would've increased the South's white fighting population by 45% |
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Term
| Why was the public attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in Baltimore important? |
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Definition
| It moved Lincoln to curtail civil rights in the name of national security |
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Term
| What were the 2 names for the first battle of the Civil War, which occurred in Virginia in July 1861? |
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Definition
The First Battle of Bull Run
First Manassas
- Confederacy tended to name battles after nearest town
- Union named it after the nearest body of water |
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Term
| What were the North's advantages in the Civil War? |
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Definition
- Had a much larger population (22 million to 9 million)
- Had 70% of railroads, more railroad mileage
- Had more industrail capacity (guns-97%)
- Had greater manufacturing capacity for things such as shoes (90%) |
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Term
| What were the South's actual advantages in the Civil War? |
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Definition
- The reality that it was fighting a defensive war
- Tradition of honor and some excellent generals
- The North would have to occupy the South in order to win
- The South had better trained troops at the outset of the war |
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Term
| What was Lincoln's primary goal early on in the war? |
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Definition
| To keep the Union together and reconcile the South as soon as possible |
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Term
| What controversial actions did Lincoln think were justified by miliatry necessity? |
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Definition
-Suspension of habeus corpus (people could go to jail w/o a cause)
- Called up state militias and expanded military budget with the approval of Congress
- He rejected General Fremont's Declaration, freeing Missouri's slaves
- He accpeted Kentucky's claim to neutrality during the Civil War |
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Term
| What were the greenbacks? |
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Definition
Paper bank notes issued by the Federal government under the legal Tender Act of February 1862
- not backed by gold or silver |
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Term
| What economic development legislation did the Republican pass during the Civil War? |
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Definition
- Established a national currency and outlawed state bank notes
- Had the Federal Government fund a program of internal improvements
- Protected businesses from competition with the Morrill tariff
- The Republicans forced state banks to obey federal charters |
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Term
| What Mexican victory, which occurred on May 5, 1862, is celebrated as the Mexican national holiday: El Cinco de Mayo? |
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Definition
| The victory of Mexican forces over the invading French |
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Term
| Who kept the Laird ironclads from being delivered to the South? |
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Definition
| Secretary of State William Seward |
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Term
| Why did Britain not intervene in the Civil War to preserve its cotton supply as the South expected? |
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Definition
- British public opinion opposed slavery
- Britain used other cotton suppliers in India and Egypt
- London preferred to wait until the South showed it could win
- Britain chose to use its backlog of Southern Cotton |
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Term
| What were the Confederacy's self-imposed difficulties? |
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Definition
-Had insufficient revenues because governors refused to impose taxes
-Its draft law created class resentment
-The confederacy's embargo on cotton sales to Britain and France led to revenue losses and later falling prices
-Growing inflation problems reaching 9000% |
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Term
| What does the map of the battles in the East in 1861-1862 show? |
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Definition
| That McClellan lost the Seven Days battle but won in Antictom (first major Union victory) |
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Term
| What does the map of the major battles of the Interior in 1862-1863 show? |
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Definition
| That Grant moved South through Mississippi to take Vicksburg |
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Term
| What do the major battles of 1862 show? |
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Definition
| That the north and south were deadlocked in the East |
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Term
| How was the North able to eventually gain control of the Mississippi River? |
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Definition
-Began with Union victories on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers
-Included the capture of Memphis in June of 1863 and ended with the capture of Vicksburg
-Grant nearly failed at Shiloh Church in April
-Efforts to gain control of the Mississippi River continued due to superior Union numbers and Grant's determination |
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Term
| What major events were part of the war in the Trans-Mississippi West? |
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Definition
-A treaty of alliance between the Confederacy and Cherokee in 1861
-The defeat of the Confederates by the Colorado Militia at Glorietta Pass in 1862
-Capture and forceed the long walk of 8000 Navajos to New Mexico in 1861
- The Colorado militia victory at Glorietta Pass in March |
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Term
| What attempts at suppressing Native Americans resulted from hostilities during the civil war? |
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Definition
-Mass execution of Antee Sioux at Mankato, Minnesota
-Long walk of the Najavos to Bosque Redando
-Post war land cessions from tribes in Indian Territory
-Holding of 8000 Navajos as prisoners until treaty signed in 1868 |
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Term
| What advancements in shipbuilding resulted from the battle between the Moniter and Merrimac? |
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Definition
| The introduction of iron plating and revolving turrets |
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Term
| How did Union Officer Benjamin Butler attract slaves to Union lines? |
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Definition
| declared escaped slaves contrabamd of war thereby attracting slaves to Union lines |
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Term
| What slaves were actually freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? |
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Definition
Only slaves in Confederate controlled Territory
-Lincoln gave a new purpose to the war (January 1, 1863) |
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Term
| What feminist leaders advocated the Thirteenth Amendment? |
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Definition
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-Susan B. Anthony |
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Term
| Where did the African-Americans come from who served in the Union Army? |
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Definition
-Free blacks from the North
-Escaped blacks from the South
-France, Cananda, and Africa |
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Term
| What resulted from blacks serving in the Union Army? |
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Definition
-Earned respect of the officers and were able to claim citizenship
-Threat by Confederates to execute black soldiers and white officers
-Some Northern laws changed reducing discrimination
-Warm reception from people of the South to black soldiers |
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Term
| What did black soldiers in the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts do when they were denied the same pay as white soldiers? |
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Definition
| They refused to be paid at all so they weren't being discriminated against |
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Term
| Why did more Americans die in the Civil war than in the 1st and 2nd World Wars combined? |
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Definition
-The Jomini Doctrine (strategy of using massed infantry offensives)
-Springfield and Enfield rifles that could shoot 1/4 of a mile
-Lack of antiseptic treatments
-Overcrowded and unsanitary conditions that led to disease |
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Term
| To what did the high number of casualties in the Civil war lead? |
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Definition
| Nursing changes from a disreputable activity to one suitable for middle class women |
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Term
| What women led the effort to organize nurses and cursing care? |
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Definition
-Dorthea Dix
-Mary Anne Bickerdyke
-Kate Cumming
-Clara Barton |
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Term
| What political devlopments in the North took place after the war began? |
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Definition
-The Democrats (North) split into War Democrats and Peace Democrats (copperheads)
-Lincoln's violation of civil liberties in the name of national security
-Stephen A. Douglas showed Lincoln support and tried to unify the Democrats
-Lincoln had Clement Vallandingham arrested and exiled (leader of the copperheads) |
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Term
| Why did social tensions rise in the North during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-The Draft Law which allowed people to hire substitutes
-Wages fell behind inflation leading workers to form Labor Unions
-Speculators and profiteers made enormous sums while many were off at war
-Many were appalled at the spectacle of wealth during wartime suffering |
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Term
| What industries expanded during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-Mechanized Farm equipment
-Iron rails for railroads
-Shipbuilding
-Coal mining |
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Term
| What developments during the Civil War foretold the postwar world? |
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Definition
-Mechanized agricultural porduction meant fewer farm workers
-Manufacturers opposition to large scale labor strife in years after war
-Legislation such as the Morrill Tariff suggested an alliance between the government and big business
-The Morrill Land Grant Act produced sweeping changes in public education |
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Term
| What did the New York Draft riots reflect? |
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Definition
| The frustrations created by urban conditions and the gap between the rich and the poor |
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Term
| What resulted from the Civil War in the South? |
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Definition
-There were challenges to tradition standards (women in jobs)
-Growing willingness of slaves to make decisions on their own
-Changes such as growth in size and centralization of government
-Southern people refusing to pay taxes in order to survive resistance from the government |
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Term
| Why did social tensions in the South deteriorate during the Civil War? |
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Definition
| Because runaway inflation raised prices 9000% |
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Term
| What did the Confederacy face as the Civil War progressed? |
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Definition
-Public meetings demanding a negotiated peace
-Increased shortages of food and food riots
-A growing bureaucracy composed partly of women
-More independence and decision making by Southern Slaves |
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Term
| What did General Meade fail to do at the Battle of Gettysburg? |
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Definition
| Pursue the retreating Confederates and they were able to fight again |
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Term
| How did Grant, as General-in-chief, follow a policy of total war? |
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Definition
-Welcome former slaves into the Union army
-Promoted efforts to educate slaves
-Ordered the destruction of civilian supplies
-Welcome fleeing slaves behind union lines |
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Term
| What was Sherman's Special field Order 15? |
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Definition
| Set aside 400,000 acres to be given to freedmen in 40 acre parcels |
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Term
| Why was Grant's strategy of engaging the enemy and pressing forward effective? |
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Definition
| Because of the greater population of the North |
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Term
| What did Jefferson Davis insist on at the peace conference at Hampton roads? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the map of The Turning Point:1863 show? |
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Definition
| Meade's victory at Gettysburg |
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Term
| What does the Map of Sherman's campaign in Georgia in 1864 show was the key to Sherman's success? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the map of the final battles in Virginia in 1864-1865 show? |
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Definition
| Shows that Grant chased Lee westward from Peterburg in April 1865 |
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Term
| Why did the election of 1864 turn in Lincoln's favor? |
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Definition
| Because General Sherman captured Atlanta in September 1864 |
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