* formed an alliance to control and dominate New York

1. Mohawk
2. Oneida
3. Onondaga
4. Cayuga
5. Seneca

Prince of Portuguese

-Wants to make Portuguese powerful

-Wanted to remove muslims for Holy Land

1607

Death, destruction

People wanted wealth and riches

No incentive to work

Died of starvation

Showed risk of Jamestown

Was shot in the leg, bleed to death in minutes

Englishmen were outnumbered by Indians

First known surgery

-drill into brain to undo pressure

Leader at Jamestown

Was buried outside the walls and with a chiefs knife

Jamestown was usually isolated, burial outside of walls showed courage

Virginian Company

Economic interest

*Showed that with an incentive to work, colony will be successful

-Wanted to try and find passage way to establish a trade route

-Use colonies as a stage point to attack Spain

Followed Gilbert, went further south instead.

Founded Roanoke

1590

Protected, defensive inlet to attack Spain

Colony is off to bad start:

*No food

*Bad relations w/ natives

*Soldiers on board, won't establish stable colony

Stories leaked about truths of Virgina

Gave people land to have an incentive to work

Imported woman to create a stable society

1616

"Old planters" get 100 acres

"New planters" get 50 acres

*origin of plantation system in the south

Spanish tabacco plant infiltrated into virginian colonies

Tobacco began to be used as currency

Winter of 1609-1610

Depended on the Indians to supply them with food

Investigation of Virgina by the crown

Governed by the king or queen, ruling council appointed by king not company

Encouraged by English crown

Contract= voyage to new world for years work

*Virginia needed large labor force

100's huddled together on shop

50% death rate

Meat had mold and lice

Purchased contracts of servents from captain

Walked the servants along the country side and sold them to farmers

Healthiest looking servants went first

*Kidnappers

Kidnap people and sned them onto the ships and sell to captain as indentured servents

-Children

-Drunk people at taverns

After 6 years of indentured servitude, had 5 acres of own land and had white indentured slaves working for him-had enough $$ to buy freedom for himself and wife

***Emphasis is put on those who have land

Started "Calvinism"

Strict form of protestant-live life directly as the Bible said

T-total depravity- world is evil, full of sin, everything challenges religion

U-unconditional election- man should devote themselves to god

LI- limited atonement- you can't change your fate

P- Preservation of the saints- church member would elect those who they felt was the most holy

The church, people, and political institution

Take over institution to connivence and control people

New Englan- "City Upon a Hill"

Saw move to america as temporary until God destroys Enland

A sign from God to figure out who is saved/damned- looked like a nervous break down

*Used as membership into the church

Begins to questions Puritan belief

Believed only the people whom he saw fit were allowed in church

*Upset with Puritans for taking Natives land

Williams and family are banished, begin colony in Rhode Island

Hosted prayer meetings

Criticized male leaders within the community

*seen as saved

United all 6 tribes he inherited through war and dimplomacy

Attacks on settlers for kidnappings in exchange for food

1622

10 years of conflict between the Natives and Settlers over land

1637

War against Mass. Bay colony for putting pressure of Pequot tribe for Wampum

Est. by John Eliot

Try and turn natives into Englishmen

Natives had an outward appearance of and English man but on the inside they were preserving their culture and ideals

Poor famers within Chesapeake region

Black and white unified

1676

 launched attacks on natives, burn down part of Jamestown-threaten leadership of colony

eliminated any rights for slaves

-no guns or property

-no guaranteed freedom

Ship that traveled across the Atlantic

*If slaves died due to bad conditions= not insured

*Slaves died at sea= insured

(forced slaves to drown at sea)

Captain who would pack as many slaves as possible

*higher death rate

*Fortunate to have good weather=more profit

Captains who allowed slaves enough space for decent live-able conditions

*Death rate would be less, more profit

1640

Puritans believed that King Charles was a closet catholic, executed the king

Under the control of Oliver Cromwell

England was under Puritan rule

1. Puritans began to doubt themselves (might not be the chosen ones)

2. Puritan migration to New England stops

1662

Children and Grandchildren of "visible saints" were brought half way into the church. Not members of the church but were given a baptism

Believed that God spoke to individuals about the innerlight, didn't need preachers, bibles, or ministers

**controversial, would interupt Puritan mass

EX: Puritan leaders of their community, God didn't tell them to listen to them

1691

There was a hysteria among the public that accused neighbors of being witches. Justices ignored the law of substantial evidence and imprisoned many. 

**many of the accused were woman and considered to be "saved"

Generations began to live outside the boundaries of the town, Puritans weren't able to keep an eye on them. 

Puritan sermons began to loose appeal (very long, and in monotone voices) 

"Sinners in the hand of an angry God"

-Scares you, then closes with how beautiful salvation is-

*Ministers go to the country side, more emotions in sermons

1740's

Religious toleration

Emphasis on economics, individualistic, and wealth

**A more yankee society

Old Light- old puritans, followers of John Winthrop

New Light- Still puritans, different views

**Town and communities would split

looking to profit off colonist

drafted plan to turn Carolina colonies into feudal societies 

Post master general of the colonies

1. Read peoples mail-knew what was going on in the colonies, put it into this paper
2. Position of status

Powerful merchant in mass society. Controlled illegal trade with France and Spain

**Adopted his nephew to gain control of his estate 

Colonies- Diverse, PA formed for religious toleration, NY-choice land was given to wealthy families

England- Religion= anglican society, Land= defining elements of ones status, status was passed down from generation to generation

1753

6 wealthy families controlled land along the river in NY, if you paid rent you could work for them.

Workers did not want to pay rent, and terrorize property of 6 wealthy families

Economic measures to control colonies and to make colonies work for England.

King sends troops to NY and NJ

1689

Political turmoil, colonies don't want to be controlled. Want to keep their independence

1754

Bring together all the colonies to establish a military to stop war

Colonies were on the brink of being destroyed and still can't work together

1756

*England has to fight for the colonies

Turned into a global battle

Removed French- allows for expansion

(England fear that they would lose control of colonies if they expand)

Repayment of war debts- War was very costly for British gov't, MUST TAX COLONIES

1763

No settlers were allowed West of the Appalachian Mountains

Colonies- lose of land, saw England protecting the Natives

Grenville's Plan

Make colonies pay a portion of war debt

Tie colonies closer to England

• Sugar Act, 1764
• Quartering Act, 1765
• Stamp Act, 1765

Lowered taxes on molasses, sugar and rum

*by reducing taxes, undercutting those who were smuggling 

"Give me liberty or give me death"

Proposal to declare "stamp act" illegal

Colonist began to defy the law=unity!!

established taxes what colonist did not notice.

1. Internal Tax- shopping $1.00 --> $1.06
2. External Tax- Imports- we don't "see" the tax.

Regulate/enforce

Merchants accepted it

No mobs

Unnoticed and accepted

"Letters from a PA farmer"

"No taxation without representation"

Letters are published all through out colonies= boycotts, harassing officials

1770

Due to Quartering act, troops come into Boston looking for jobs, tension between colonist and troops.

RUMOR of troop beating up little boys, mob begins to fight troop, a shot was fired followed by a whole line of shots

**Paul Reveres drawing

Allows company to trade with Colonies tax free

Colonist were upset by not being represented by parliment

Colonist disguised as mohawks raided the ships and dumped all the tea into the harbor. Resistance is organized!

**Not stealing, just rebelling 

1774

England is upset about the Boston Tea Party, makes colonist repay

1. Harbor is closed till all the tea they dumped is re-paid
2. Reduces self-control of Boston
3. Seize peoples home (quartering act)
4. Capital crimes will be tried in England, not in the colonies

Committee of Corespondence

Keep people of Mass. informed and connected

Get support outside of Boston

1774

Call for Boston to defend and get ready for war

Call for England to come and establish better relations

1775

Paul Reveres ride "The British are coming"

Lexington shots are fired,

walk to concord to obtain guns (colonist were able to get rid of everything) 

"Shot heard around the world"

start of the American Revoultion

Not everyone behind the idea of independence 

1775

sent to King George

1. Immediate cease fire
2. Repeal of Intolerable Acts
3. King George to negotiate colonies to set up system that promises rights (representation in parliament)

1775

Cut off colonies from the rest of the world

Rebels will be killed

"Common sense"

wrote brochure to show colonist that the British were able to be defeated

1. abundance of timber- able to build own ships
2. british had large militia and empire-not all the troops would be fighting the colonies and once
3. makes fun of hierarchy rule

1777

TURNING POINT IN REVOLUTION

British troops surrender to America

1. French agree to be an ally to America
2. England delcares war on France (draws more troops away from colonist)
3. British believe the south is loyal (WRONG)

1783

American colonies gain their independence

British gives them more of the interior=more land