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| This era aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life. |
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| Goals of the Progressive Era |
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1. Protecting Social Welfare
2. Promoting Moral Improvement
3. Creating economic reform
4. Fostering Efficiency |
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| Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines. |
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| Upton Sinclair, The Jungle |
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| Sinclair was a muckraker 1906 wrote a novel about the breaking of human hearts by a system that exploits the labour of men and women for profits. The public was shocked by the sickening conditions of the meat packing industry he wrote about. |
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| 1906, congress past the act which stopped the sale of contaminated food and medicine and called for truth in labelling. |
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| Roosevelt pushed for the act in 1906. The act made strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers and created a program for federal meat inspection. |
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| Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Trust Busting) |
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| 1890's to Prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to make trusts that interfered with free trade. |
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| 1887, established the federal governments right to supervise railroad activities and created a 5 member interstate commerce commission. |
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| Children were exploited for labour. |
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| Bad working conditions in the meat packing, coal mining industries. |
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| Labour unions were formed to protect workers against unfair working conditions or remuneration. |
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| Define: The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country. |
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| Motivation for Imperialism/ Why? |
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| Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Wanted to make the United States the main control over the Caribbean and central america. |
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| Taft administration's policy of using the nations economic power to exert influence over other countries. |
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| Moral Diplomacy/ "Missionary Diplomacy" |
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| The practice of denying recognition to any Latin american Government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to U.S interests. |
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| Social Darwinism/ "White Man's Burden" |
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| A belief that free-market competition would lead to a survival of the fittest. The U.S believed that it was their responsibility as superior Anglo-Saxons to spread Christianity and "Civilisation" to the "inferior" people of the world. |
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| Spanish/American War, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Panama Canal, China, Hawaii, Mexico/Mexican Revolution. |
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Allies: France, Britain, Russia.
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. |
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| Arch duke Franz Ferdinand air to the austrian thrown was shot. On july 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared what was to be a short was against Serbia. The alliance system puled one nation after the other into the conflict. Germany (obligated by treaty to support Austria-Hungary) declared war on Russia. |
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America did not come in until 1919. The sinking of the Lusitania (american boat carrying weapons for the allies).
Then the Zimmerman Note a telegram from German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised if war with the U.S broke out Germany would help recover lost lands in Texas. |
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| Wilson wanted to push for peace and have a more lenient approach toward the Germany however France and Britain were set on making sure Germany could never again start a war. |
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| Wilson's 14 Points vs. Treaty of Versailles |
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| An association established in 1920 to promote international co-operation and peace. Was the 4th point was aimed at making an international organisation to address diplomatic crises. |
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| Reparations and "war guilt" clause |
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| "War guilt" clause forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI. Russia lost more territory than Germany. Germany had to pay huge reparations to the allies. Germany was stripped of it's colonial possesions. |
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| Increased Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism. |
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| A deal was reached on September 29, and at about 1:30am on September 30,[1] Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Benito Mussolini and Édouard Daladier signed the Munich Agreement.German army was to complete the occupation of the Sudetenland by October 10, and an international commission would decide the future of other disputed areas. |
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| on April 7 1933 Hitler (shortly after he took power in Germany) he began the campaign for racial purity which led to the holocaust. It was the systematic murder of 11 million across Europe. more than half were Jews. |
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| America's Role Leading Up to the War |
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| America did not want to get into the war so they passed the "cash and carry" where any allied nation could buy arms if they took them themselves. America then passed the "Lend Lease Act" which says the allies can get any arms from the U.S and they would pay back at the end of the war. |
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| The Japanese invaded Pearl Harbour, planes flew over and destroyed the american Naval base. |
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| On August 6 1945 Truman ordered the dropping of Two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing over 200,000 by the end of that year and more into the future. On September 2 Emperor Hirohito ended the war. |
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| International conference in San Francisco in June 26 1945 is where the United Nations was created and the 50 nations signed. |
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| Cold War: International and Domestic |
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| United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a power struggle which put them into a bitter rivalry. The democratic beliefs of the US clashed with the communist ones of USSR. |
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| The term for the division of Europe, the western democratic and the eastern communist. |
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| taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries. |
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| U.S lent money to any European country that was willing to fight against communism. |
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| although the Truman doctrine said the united states would support any country willing to fight against communism they did not defend some 30000 Hungarians that were slaughtered by soviets during the Hungarian revolution. |
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| an attempt to fly food and supplies into west berlin for 327 days planes took off and landed every few minutes to drop supplies after Stalin blockaded it. |
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| in 1950 north Korean forces invaded south Korea. Truman sent troops in to stop the spread of communism. |
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| U.S and the Soviet Union entered into an arms race where they were competing to develop new nuclear weapons. |
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| Soviet Union set up missile bases in Cuba that could reach the U.S in minutes this was discovered by photos taken by american planes. |
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| The U.S intervened in the French and Vietnam war and provided the French with support to stop the spread of communism and to strengthen ties with France. Summer of 1969 Nixon announced troop withdrawal from Vietnam. |
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| "Red Scare" and McCarthyism |
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| taking advantage of peoples concerns about Communism senator mcCarthy made unsupported claims and made attacks on suspected Communists in early 1950's. |
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