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| Three way trading process: merchants carried rum and other goods from new England to Africa; in Africa they traded their merchandise for enslaved people, whom they transported to the west indies and sold for sugar and molasses; these goods were then shipped to new England to be distilled into rum. |
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| Traded a life of prison or poverty in Europe for a limited term of servitude in North America. They had few rights and if they lived through the harsh years of labor- and many did not then their lives only improved slightly. |
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| held that the country’s ultimate goal was self sufficiency and that all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver. |
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: England’s parliament, the country’s legislative body, passed these acts, which are a series of laws restricting colonial trade.
*No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships.
* All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three quarters English or colonial.
* The colonies could export certain products only to England.
* Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port. |
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Washington’s militia attacked a small detachment of French soldiers and the French swiftly counter attacked
Result: French loose their land and British totally expanded theirs.
named in honor of King James I. The colonies growth was based on the development of a highly profitable crop, tobacco |
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| Required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for every legal document, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and almanac, and imposed special “stamp duties” on packages for playing cards and dice. |
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| Indirect taxes, or duties levied on imported materials- glass, lead, paint, and paper- as the came into the colonies from Britain. Also imposed 3-penny tax on tea. |
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| A trade law enacted by parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce smuggling in the British colonies in North America. |
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| Asserted parliaments’ full right to make laws “to blind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever |
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| The British company, which held tea imports had been hit hard by the colonial boycotts. They were nearing bankruptcy. To save it they created the tea act. Granted the company the right to sell tea free of tax to the colonies. This would cut colonial merchants out of the trade because the east Indian company could sell it directly to consumers for less. |
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| one law shut down Boston harbor because the colonists refused to pay for damaged tea and the other Imposed quartering act. Allow red coats in colonist homes |
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| Authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant homes. |
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| There was competition between colonists and poorly paid British soldiers. One day a fist fight broke out and later that evening a mob gathered in front of the customs house and taunted the guards. Four soliders died |
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Those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the crown,
Patriots: Those who believed independent America would help economic opportunity. |
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| the kings troops reached Lexington. As they neared 70-minute men were standing in lines. The British commander ordered them to leave and they began to move. Someone fired and the British sent a bunch of shots into the departing militia. 8 minutemen were killed only one British solider was wounded. Battle only lasted 15 minutes. |
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| : Between 3,000 and 4,000 minutemen had assembled by how they fired on the British from behind. Dozens of British soldiers dies and the remaining few, humiliated went back to Boston. |
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| England’s legislative body |
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| Served as the first representative body in colonial America. Claimed the authority to raise taxes and make laws. |
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| A three-way trading process: merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa; in Africa they traded their merchandise for enslaved people, whom they transported to the West Indies and sold for sugar and molasses; These goods were then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum. |
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| named in honor of King James I. The colonies growth was based on the development of a highly profitable crop, tobacco. |
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| Banned all native settlement west of the appalachains. All colonists could not cross. They didn’t listen. |
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| English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies continued economic loyalty. |
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| Fight that broke out between colonists and off duty British soldiers. 4 colonists died. |
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Sam Adams- secret resistance group against stamp act.
-protest prevented stamps from being sold |
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| Committees of Correspondance |
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- Set up by assemblies of Massachusetts and Virginia to communicate to other colonies about recent attacks.
-Communication line. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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Thomas Jefferson chosen to express committee points.
-Written in 1776
-Delegates of the continental congress declared the colonies independence from Britain.
-All men created equally.
-Natural rights. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. |
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British head up the hill but colonist hold back until last minute and show down on them.
-British didn’t win until 3rd attempt.
-Bloodiest battle. |
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| British wanted their two armies from north and south to combineBurgoyne’s didn’t make it in time |
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| General Howe wanted to seize American capital Washington tried to block red coats- failed. British captured Philadelphia. |
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17,00 French and American surrounded the british troops on peninsula of Yorktown
Siege lasted 3 weeks
Cornwallis surrendered |
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| Those who apposed independence and remain loyal to the crown |
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Delegates signed to confirm us independence and set the boundaries of the new nation
-British never said when they would leave- took their time
- America promised to payback debts but never did |
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A series of essays defending and explaining the constitution
-Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay |
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| Hamilton’s financial program |
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Hamilton proposes idea for a national bank
Founded by the federal government and wealthy private investigators |
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-Strong federal government
-Leaders well educated
-Business and industry
-Banking system
-Favor Great Britain
-Debts |
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-Weak federal government
-Common man
-Agriculture
-Disapproved of bank
-Favor French
-State government should pay debt |
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| Import tax on goods produced in europe |
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| Steer clear of permanent alliances |
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| The forcible seizure of men for military service |
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| Series of 4 laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the u.s. –Raised resident requirements from 5-14 years |
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| French officials demanded a bribe from u.s. diplomats |
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| One of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his administration |
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| Virginia and Kentucky resolutions |
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| Felt alien and sedation acts were a misuse of power of the federal government |
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| Congressmen from south and west who wanted war in Britian |
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| An 1819 agreement in which spain gave over control of the territory of florida to the united states |
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| Pre-civil war set of measures deigned to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by means of protective tariffs a national bank, and such international improvements as the development of a transportation system |
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| A policy of us opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere announced by president Monroe |
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| Invented inter changeable partsparts that are exactly alike |
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| Series of arrangements passed by congress to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states |
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Jackson wins popular vote
Adams wins electoral vote
House of representatives choose Adamsbetter candidate |
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| Incoming officials throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends |
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| Cherokee people were forced from Georgia to the new Indian territory thousands died |
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| John C. Calhoun’s name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to southerners to be enriching the north at their expense |
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| A states refuseral to recognize an act of congress that it considers unconstitutional |
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| People who believe in nativism- favor native born Americans. Members answered questions by saying I know nothing. |
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| Created by people who were angered by jackson’s tactics and politics. They backed the ideals of the American system they wanted a protective tariff, federal money to create roads and canals. Federal control of banking system. |
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| Opposed the extension of slavery into the territories |
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| Debated over the tariff question and underlying states rights issue |
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-Joined movement for social reform
-Sent a report of conditions of prisions to Massachusetts legislaturepassed law to improve conditions |
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-Most radical white abolitionist
-Started “the liberator”
-Wanted emancipation freeing of slaves |
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-Born into slavery
-Learned to read and write
-Escaped created “the north star” |
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| Headed the first women’s rights convention in Seneca falls 1848 |
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-Established the church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints
-Beginning of Mormon history
-Destroyed neighbors printing press for judging their beliefs |
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| -Thought that the U.S.’s destiny was to expand the pacific ocean and into Mexican territory. |
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| -Polk called for annexation of the entire Oregon territory. Slogan for Polks support. |
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| -Purchase of land from Mexican establishing present territory. |
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| -1803 purchase by the United States of France’s Louisiana territory-extending from the Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains for $15 million. |
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| -A series of congressional intended to settle the major disagreements between free and slave states. |
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-Annex- to join
-Texans hoped to join
-U.S. had split opinions
-Southerners-sought to end savery already established in Texas
-Northerners-thought annexation at more slave territory would tip uneasy balance in senate in favor of slave state
-Prompt war with Mexico |
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| -Established territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the might to decide whether to allow slavery. |
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| -Best selling novel by Harret Beecher Stowe that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil. |
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| -Slave brought to North with owner, then returned to Missouri and owner died. Began lawsuit to gain his freedom. |
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-Seward vs. Lincoln for republican candidate
-lincoln had more moderate views and it was better he wasn’t as well known because he didn’t offend republicans |
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-Union blockade of southern ports. Cut off cotton import/export, and other supplies like ammunition.
-Union riverboats and army move down Mississippi and cut confederacy in 2.
-Capture confederate capital at Richmond Virginia. |
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-own survival as a nation was a defensive strategy
-encouraged generals to attack and invade north if given opportunity |
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-factories and industry
-food
-railroads |
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| Advantages of confederacy |
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skilled military
-strong militia
-motivation
-cotton |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| -An executive order issued by Lincoln freeing slaves in all regions behind conferderate lines |
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-marched southeast through Georgia, creating a wide path of destruction and living of the land as he went
-Burned most of Atlanta and headed towards the coast
-Turned north to help fight grant wipe out Lee |
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Definition
| -Lee and Grant agreement to meet and arrange confederate surrender |
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| -John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in head and jumps onto a stage then to Ford’s theater |
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-government pardon all confederates who would swear allegiance to union
-after 10% of those on the 1860 voting list took oath of allegiance a confederate state could form new gov. and gain rep in congress |
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| -wanted to prevent most high ranking confederates and wealthy landowners from taking oath needed for voting privileges. |
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| -wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders and give African americasn full citizenship and right to vote |
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| -abolish slavery and involuntary servitude |
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| -all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. including slaves and citizens guarantees equal rights |
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| -prohibits denial of voting rights to people because of their race or color and if they were slaves |
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| white southerners who joined the republican party |
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| notherners who moved to the south for business |
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| -landowners divided their land and gave each worker a few acres a long with seed and tools. Harvest workers gave share of crop |
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| -Used steam engine to drill for oil. Oil Boom. |
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| -The Bessemer process technique used to inject air into molten iron to remove carbon and impurities from iron |
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| -Worlds first research laboratory perfected the light bulb, system for producing and distributing electrical power. |
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| -Typewriter worldwide communication. |
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Term
| Transcontinental Railroad |
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Definition
-Railroad connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
-1869
-Central Pacific railroad |
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| -Companies taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain control over the quality and cost of its product. |
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| -The merging of companies that make similar products |
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| Set up a holding company, a corporation that did nothing but buy out the stock of the other companies |
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| Workers were paid very low wages, worked long hours, conditions were terrible- hot no ventilation and crowded. |
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| -Formed in 1866 by willian H sylvis |
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| Colored national labor union |
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Definition
-Created over refusal of colored in NLU
-Persuaded congress to legalize 8 hour day for government workers |
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Open to all workers
-Supported 8 hour work day advocated equal pay for equal work |
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| -A work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands |
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| -A list of about 500 actors, writers, producers, and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged communist connections. |
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| -to try and stop the railroads from taking their land and allowing the government to control the railroads. |
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Definition
| -to promote a social outlet and educational reform for isolated farm families |
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| they wanted to increase money supply (would raise prices for goods), a guaranteed income tax, and a federal loan program |
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| single- family homes that shared walls with other similar looking homes. |
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| same as row house except they resembled the shape of a dumbbell. |
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| a city or neighborhood in a which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live |
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| a mixture of people of different cultures or races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs |
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