Term
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Definition
| Used to treat angina pectoris caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Classic- occurs with stress Unstable- progressive severity unrelated to activity Variant- during rest |
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Term
| Action of Anti-Anginal drugs |
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Definition
| increase blood flow by either increasing oxygen supply or decreasing oxygen demand to the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
Nitro-glycerin- acts directly on the smooth muscle of the blood vessel causing relaxation and dilation
Isosorbide dinitrate- long term anginal prevention, lowers blood pressure, tolerance building.
isosorbide mononitrate- long term prevention, sustained release reduced tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
Ends in OLOL
decrease the effects of sympathetic nervous system by blocking the action of the catecholamines (epinepherine and norepinephrine)
Mostly used for Classic Angina |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) |
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Definition
Used to treat variant angina
They relax the coronary artery spasm (variant angina) and relax peripheral arterioles ( classic angina)
Highly protein bound
Amlodipine, Diltiazem HCL, bepridil, felodipine |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases myocardial contractility |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Increase myocardial contraction, which increases cardiac output, circulation and tissue perfusion
Digoxin |
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Term
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Definition
Half life of 36 hours
therapeutic serum level .5 to 2.0
kidney dysfunction affects excretion
used to treat heart failure and atrial tachycardia
inhibits Na+ ATPase, increases force of cardiac contraction and cardiac output
decreases ventricular rate |
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Term
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Definition
Digoxin overdose
Anorexia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias
Digibind is the antidote |
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Term
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Definition
| restore the cardiac rhythm to normal by various mechanisms |
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Term
| Cardiac Action Potentials |
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Definition
Phase 0- Depolarization, caused by sodium influx
Phase 1- Repolarization, termination of sodium influx
Phase 2- Calcium Influx, the plateau, calcium influx prolongs the action potential and promotes atrial and ventricular muscle contraction
Phase 3- Potassium influx, rapid repolarization
Phase 4- resting membrane potential between heartbeats |
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Term
| Class 1 antidysrhythmic- Sodium channel blockers |
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Definition
1A- Quinidine=slow conduction, prolongs repolarization
1B- Lidocaine= slow conduction, shortens repolarization
1C- flecainide= prolong conduction |
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Term
| Class 2 antidysrythmic- Beta Blockers |
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Definition
Reduce calcium and decrease conduction velocity
Atrial flutter is an indicator
Acebutolol- beta 1 blocker
propanolol- beta 1 and 2 blocker |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Class 3 antidysrythmic- prolong repolarization |
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Definition
only used in life threatening tachycardia
narrow therapeutic index
Amiodarone
Adenosine |
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Term
| Class 4 antidyrythmics- calcium channel blockers |
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Definition
decreases ventricular response by increasing the refractory period of the AV node
Verapomil |
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Term
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Definition
Lower BP, Decrease edema
Increases urine flow; this inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the kidney tubules |
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Term
| Potassium wasting diuretics |
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Definition
| Thiazide, Loop, Osmotic, and carbonic |
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Term
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Definition
Action: Distal convoluted renal tubule
HCTZ- causes loss of Na+, K, and Mg
promotes calcium retention, elevates blood sugar- monitor diabetes patients closely
side effects include hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia- hypokalcemia and bicarb loss |
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Term
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Definition
Furosemide
Action: thick ascending loop of Henle
Inhibits passive reabsorption of sodium
affects blood sugar and increases uric acid
side effects are: fluid electrolyte imbalance
HYPO EVERYTHING
interacts with Digoxin |
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Term
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Definition
Mannitol
Action: increases osmolality and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the loop of henle
prevents kidney failure
Side effects: fluid imbalance, pulmonary edema, acidosis |
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Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
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Definition
Acetazolamide
treats glaucoma and epilepsy
side effects crystaluria hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis |
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Term
| Potassium sparing diuretics |
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Definition
Spironolactone, amiloride HCL
promotes sodium and water excretion and potassium retention by blocking the aldosterone action
side effects are hyperkalemia |
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Term
| Angiotensin concerting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) |
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Definition
benazepril, quinapril
block an enzyme that constricts blood vessels in the body
less effective in African-Americans |
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