Term
| Who developed the Strange Situation studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many 'episodes' does the strange situation study have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the strange situation study stages? |
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Definition
1-Mother and child play
2-stranger enters room and talks to mother and child
3-mother leaves the room
4-stranger interacts with child
5-mother returns and stranger leaves
6-mother leaves
7-stranger returns and interacts with child
8-mother returns |
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Term
| What are the three types of attachment (Ainsworth)? |
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Definition
1-anxious avoidant
2-anxious resistant (or anxious ambivalent)
3-secure |
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Term
| If the child was securely attached, what behaviours did they show in the strange situation study? |
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Definition
| They play happily with the mother, she is 'ignored' because she can be trusted to be there when needed. The child is distressed when the mother leaves and the stranger can't sooth them completely. They seek immediate contact when the mother returns. |
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Term
| If the attachment type was anxious avoidant, what behaviours did the child show in the strange situation study? |
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Definition
| The child ignores the mother, due to indifference towards her. There are no signs of distress when she leaves and she is avoided on her return. Distress is caused by being alone and the stranger and mother are treated similarly. |
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Term
| If the attachment type was anxious resistant, what behaviours did the child show in the strange situation study? |
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Definition
| The child is fussy and wary, cries more and has difficulty using the mother as a safe base. They are distressed when the mother leaves and seeks contact on her return but is also angry and resists contact. They resist the stranger's attempts to make contact. |
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Term
| Main and Solomon added a fourth attachment type. What was it called and what is a characteristic of it? |
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Definition
Insecure disorganised.
Strong attachment behaviour followed by looking confused when with the caregiver. |
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Term
| What causes the insecure disorganised attachment type? |
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Definition
| Parents who act as figures of both fear and reassurance to the child. The child feels both comforted and frightened by the parent. |
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Term
What are the strengths of the strange situation study?
(three things) |
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Definition
-Good reliability
-Reasonable validity
-Good predictor of future realtionships |
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Term
Why does the strange situation study have good reliability?
(three reasons) |
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Definition
-It is well controlled
-It can be replicated
-It was filmed which is good for reducing observer bias |
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Term
| Why does the strange situation study have good validity? |
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Definition
-The naturalistic environment promotes natural behaviour (so good
ecological validity)
-The environment and behaviour of mother ans stranger may not be natural but it is supposed to be strange. |
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Term
| What evidence is there that attachment type is a good predictor of future relationships? |
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Definition
Sroufe- securely attached children are social leaders in pre school
Elicker-securely attached children have a more positive self concept (self esteem) at 11
Main- attachment style in infancy and adult attachment types (found using Adult Attachment Interview) have a link |
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Term
What are the limitations of the strange situation study?
(four limitations) |
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Definition
-Deterministic
-Over focussed on caregiver
-Mother's sensitivity influences attachment (eg Ainsworth's maternal sensitivity scale)
-Fixed category system is oversimplified |
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Term
| Which theory suggests the strange situation study has too much focus on the caregiver? What is the main idea of that study? |
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Definition
The temperament theory.
The child's temperament influences attachment type. |
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Term
| What did Van Ijzendoorn do to the strange situation study? |
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Definition
| He replicated the study 32 times in 8 other cultures to see whether attachment styles are universal. |
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Term
What was the findings of Van Ijzendoorn's studies?
Refer to Japan and Germany. Give their findings in %, an example for difference in attachment type. |
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Definition
The most common type of attachment was 'secure' in all countries.
Japan: 5% Avoidant, 27% resistant. Dependence is encouraged and attention seeking is seen as positive trait.
Germany-35% avoidant, 7% resistant.
Parents may be strict and 'fuss free' to encourage independence. |
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Term
| What are the two limitations of Van Ijzendoorn's studies? |
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Definition
-The strange situation study doesn't 'travel' well due to child raising differences across the world.
-The measurements are Western so this may give a 'false' result. |
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