Term
force that tends to resist the flow
of current (ohms) usually created deliberately |
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Definition
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Term
| tends to restrict flow of current (ohms) created as a by-product |
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Definition
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Term
| reciprocal of resistance (G) |
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Definition
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Term
| opposite of reactance (B) |
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Definition
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Term
overall opposition to current
(can’t just add resistance and reactance;
impedance is the square root of [resistance
squared plus reactance squared]) |
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Definition
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Term
measure of conduction, equal
to the reciprocal of impedance |
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Definition
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Term
History:
-___ first clinical tympanogram unit
-First classification scheme used A, B, and C
shapes because at that time tympanometry
was measured in uncalibrated “___
units”
-___ judgement
-Later refined by Dr. James Jerger
-Originally only tested at ___ frequency |
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Definition
| 1959; compliance; Qualitative; one |
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Term
| normal pressure and compliance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| negative middle ear pressure |
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Definition
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Term
normal pressure, excessive
compliance |
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Definition
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Term
normal pressure, reduced
compliance |
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Definition
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Term
Multicomponent and multi-frequency unit
became available in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
The machine in 1973 measured 2 components:
-___ (abbreviated as B)-Includes both mass and spring components of admittance
-___(abbreviated as G)-Friction component of admittance |
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Definition
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Term
| The 1973 machine used calibrated units called ___ |
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Definition
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Term
1987:
-First ___ standard published with goal of
standardizing instrumentation, terminology
and recording practices
-Allowed reporting of results across ___
-(most recently revised in ___) |
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Definition
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Term
After 1987:
Standardized units of measure allowed
___ analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| After 1987 what are the four basic tympanometric measurements required? |
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Definition
| Equivalent ear canal volume, Static compensated acoustic admittance, Tympanometric peak pressure, and Tympanometric width/gradient |
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Term
-Prior to performing tympanometric testing,
___ inspection should be completed
-Look for cerumen (__% occluding), foreign bodies, ___, TM perforation, and ___ ___ |
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Definition
| otoscopic; 50; drainage; collapsed canal |
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Term
Equivalent Ear Canal Volume:
-Measured after verifying ___ ___ status
-Subtracted from total ___ we take so
that we may more accurately measure the middle
ear
-This is usually corrected for by clinical equipment
so that the tympanogram positive and negative
tail begin at __ mmhos
-At extreme air pressures (+200 to -400) it is
assumed that the middle ear is sufficiently ___
that admittance measured at probe tip attributed
to ear canal |
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Definition
| ear canal; measurement; 0; stiff; |
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Term
Static Compensated Acoustic Admittance:
-Most often measured feature of ___ Hz
tympanogram
-Commonly referred to as ___
-Inaccurately called compliance because it is combination of compliance, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
| 226; compliance; mass; resistance |
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Term
Tympanometric Gradient and Tympanometric Width:
-___ of tympanometric peak
-More sensitive to middle ear effusion than static
___ |
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Definition
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Term
Tympanometric Width:
-Measured by drawing a horizontal line halfway
between peak ___ and ___
-Units are ___ |
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Definition
| admittance; baseline; daPa decaPascals |
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Term
Gradient:
-Ratio measure of ___ of slopes on either side
of tympanometric peak
-Higher gradient = ___, more ___ peak |
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Definition
| steepness; sharper; narrow |
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Term
Preferred method over gradient as gradient is
highly correlated to static admittance |
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Definition
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Term
Tympanometric Peak Pressure:
-Indicator of ___ in the middle-ear space
-Admittance reaches its peak when ear canal
air pressure and middle ear air pressure are
___
-Indirect measure of ___ |
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Definition
| pressure; equal; pressure |
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Term
Vanhuyse Model
○ Model to account for different tympanogram
___
○ Based on the assumption of the changes in
shapes of ___ and ___ as a
function of ear canal pressure
○ Multi-___
○ Divided into categories based on the number
of ___ and ___ peaks |
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Definition
| patterns; resistance; reactance; frequency; positive; negative; |
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Term
Resonant Frequency
○ Multi-frequency tympanometry is used
diagnostically to find whether the ___ ___ of the middle ear space is within normal limits
○ Higher resonant frequency indicates a ___
middle ear (ex: otosclerosis)
○ Lower resonant frequency indicates more
mass in the middle ear space (ossicular chain
discontinuity) |
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Definition
| resonant frequency; stiff |
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Term
| What does a low resonant frequency indicate? |
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Definition
-increase in mass in the ME
-Pathologies – ossicular discontinuity, external
otitis |
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Term
| What does a high resonant frequency indicate? |
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Definition
-Stiffness in the ME
-Pathologies - otosclerosis |
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Term
Multi-Frequency Tympanometry
○ Can be used in conjunction with other
audiometric tests to provide further insight
regarding ___ ___ function
○ Sensitivity and specificity data suggest that
cannot be interpreted alone due to ___ ___ |
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Definition
| middle ear; wide variability |
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Term
Wideband Acoustic Immittance
○ ___ measure of middle ear function
○ Stimuli have ___ frequecy spectra
○ Less ___ ___ effects than tympanometry
○ ___ calibration technique
○ can be measured with ___ ear canal
pressure
-Provide alternative perspectives on how the ___ of acoustic information is handled by the ME
-___ version of the tympanogram |
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Definition
| Broadband; broad; ear canal; Rigorous; ambient; transfer; 3D |
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Term
Wideband Tympanometry
○ Measured with changing ___ ___ pressure
○ Provides multidimensional representation of
___-___ function
○ Approximately __ seconds to obtain
-Different than ___ |
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Definition
| ear canal; middle-ear; 7; WAI |
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Term
Conductive Hearing Loss
○ Conventional ___ characteristics
are not accurate predictors of conductive
hearing loss
○ ___ ___ ___ much better
predictor of conductive hearing loss |
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Definition
| tympanometric; Wideband acoustic immittance |
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Term
Eustachian Tube
○ Eustachian tube functions as ___
equalizer and mucus ___
○ ___ during chewing, swallowing, yawning
○ Function indirectly measure by
tympanometric ___ ___ – significant
negative or positive pressure indicated
dysfunction |
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Definition
| pressure; drainage; Opens; peak pressure |
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Term
Eustachian Tube Function Tests
○ Valsalva Test
-Introduces ___ pressure
-Pretest tympanogram recorded
-Patient holds ___ and gently ___ air into posterior
nasopharynx to produce positive pressure
-Post-test tympanogram
○ Toynbee Test
-Patient holds nose and ___ to introduce negative
○Inflation-Deflation Procedure
-Patient asked to ___ several times while significant
pressure negative or positive pressure is introduced to ear canal |
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Definition
| positive; nose; blows; swallows; swallow |
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Term
Patulous Eustachian Tube Assessment
○ Eustachian tube abnormally open at ___
○ Causes ___ (hearing own voice and
breathing or chewing
○ Admittance fluctuations of more that ___ mL during breathing tasks |
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Definition
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Term
Summary
○ Objective, physiologic measure of acoustic
admittance of the middle ear as a function of
___ ___ in a sealed ear canal
○ Increases and decreases in air pressure cause the TM and ossicular chain to ___
○ Most efficient operating point is observed at ___ |
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Definition
| air pressure; stiffen; peak |
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Term
Obtaining
○ A calibrated probe stimulus (either puretones or
clicks) presented to the outer ear with a
___
○ Air pressure in the ear canal is varied above and
below ___ ___
○ As air pressure is increased or decreased in the
ear canal, the admittance flowing into the middle
ear is ___
○ Probe used to detect an increase in ___ ___ ___ |
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Definition
microphone; atmospheric pressure; decreased; sound
pressure level |
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