Term
| What is the usual pathogen for UTI's? |
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Definition
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Term
| For how many days should complicated cystitis be tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| For how many days should pyelonephritis be tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should pts w/indwelling catheter without symptoms of UTI's be cultured or tx? |
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Definition
| pts w/indwelling catheter without symptoms of UTI's should NOT be cultured or tx |
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Term
| What are synonyms for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole? |
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Definition
| Co-trimoxazole, TMP-SMX, SMX-TMP, Bactrim SS (single strength) or Bactrim DS (double strength), and Septra SS or Septra DS. |
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Term
| What is the dosage ratio of SMX:TMP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which dosage of Bactrim/Septa should be given for elderly or pts with reduced renal function? |
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Definition
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Term
| The following are first line drug choice for what pathology: TMP-SMX DS bid for 3 days. Trimethoprim 100 mg for 3 days. 1st gen cephalosporin for 5 days? |
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Definition
| 1st line: cystitis (lower UTI) |
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Term
| The following are second line drug choice for what pathology: Nitrofurantoin 100 mg qid for 5 days. Ofloxacin 200 mg bid for 3 days (other fluoroquinolones except moxifloxacin may also be used)(reserve for TMP-SMX resistant strains? |
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Definition
| 2nd line: cystitis (lower UTIs) |
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Term
| What is the latest evidence regarding sulfa allergies? |
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Definition
| hsn to sulfonamide Abx is due to metabolites specific onl for the Abx. Non-abx sulfonamide drugs have little cross-reactivity |
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Term
| What is the time frame for therapy of acute prostatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for acute prostatitis unless contraindicated by allergy or drug interactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do tx differ for acute vs. chronic prostatitis? |
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Definition
| time frame: same abx, but acute is given for 4 weeks, chronic for 6-12 weeks |
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Term
| What is the time frame for tx of chronic prostatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The following are the Abx of choice for what pathology: metronidazole- best agent (oral/IV). clindamycin (also has adr's). penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor cominations? |
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Definition
| Abx of choice: anaerobic infections |
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Term
| What are 2 anaerobic infections of the GI tract? |
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Definition
| bacteroides fragilis- common bacterium in distal sm. bowel and colon (must always assume lower GI tract infections involve this bacteri). C. dif- uncommon but can become super infection (severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis secondary to toxin produced by c. dif. primary tx: oral metronidazole. secondary tx: oral vancomycin) |
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Term
| What is a common respiratory anaerobic pathogen? |
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Definition
| peptostreptococcus- can cause aspiration pneumonia from inhalation of upper GI bacterial flora |
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Term
| What is a common anaerobic pathogen in the skin? |
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Definition
| Cl perfringes- causative agent of gangrene |
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Term
| The following tx are used for what STD: azithromycin 1 gm x *1 dose* or doxycycline 100 mg PO bid x 7 days. Alternatives: erythromycin 500 mg PO qid x 7 days or levofloxacin 500 mg qd x 7 days? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 chlamydia tx contraindicated in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| doxycycline and levofloxacin |
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Term
| The following are tx for what std: ceftriaxone 125 mg IM *once* (dose for g- infections is 1-2 g). cefixime 400 po *once*, available as of 4/08 from Lupine pharmaceuticals. fluoroquinolones no longer recommended? |
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Definition
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Term
| The following organisms cause what pathology: ureaplasma urealyticum or mycoplasma genitalium? |
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Definition
| organisms that cause nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) |
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Term
| To what tx does nongonococcal urethitis usually respond? |
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Definition
| azoithromycin or doxycycline |
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Term
| 2/3 of what pathology is caused by C. trachomatis or n. gonorrhoeae? What else is also involved? |
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Definition
| PID- anaerobic bacteria also involved |
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Term
| What type of tx is necessary for PID? |
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Definition
| combination tx necessary to tx all possible pathogens |
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Term
| What organism causes trichomoniasis? |
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Definition
| trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic protazoan |
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Term
| How is trichomoniasis normally tx? |
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Definition
| metronidazole (flagyl) 2gm PO *once* |
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Term
| What pathology is caused by gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplama hominis, and various anaerobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is bacterial vaginosis tx? |
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Definition
| metronidazole (flagyl) 500 mg PO bid x 7 days or metronidazole gel 0.75% intravaginally qd x 5 days |
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Term
| What organism causes syphilis? |
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Definition
| treponema pallidum, a spirochete |
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Term
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Definition
| penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units IM, give once for early stage and weekly for 3 weeks for late stage. neurosyphilis: high dose pencillin G IV x 10-14 days. Alternative: doxycycline 100 mg PO bid x 14 days. |
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Term
| What causes genital herpes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is genital herpes tx? |
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Definition
| oral acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir |
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Term
| You suspect acute PID and begin outpt tx with what agents? |
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Definition
| ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x 1 + doxycycline 100 mg BID x 14 days +/- Metronidazole 500 mg BID x 14 days |
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Term
| You suspect acute PID and begin empiric inpt tx. What do you rx? |
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Definition
| cefotetan 2gm IV q12 hrs until improved + doxycycline 100 mg bid x 14 days or gentamicin + clindamycin 900 mg IV q6hr |
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