Term
|
Definition
| Jazz music was becoming popular at the time and she was an African American entertainer who made it to Berlin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scientist who wrote: "The Descent of Man", and "The Origin of the Species" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scientist:
No fixed reference point anywhere in the universe. Theory of Relativity. Overthrew the Newtonian view of classic physics (enlightenment). This led to the belief of no absolute knowledge.(which is a contradiction in and of itself) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Avant-garde poet. Used a fragmented form of poetry to convey the very fragmented world around him in a fragmented message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
He concluded that humans are driven by primitive and irrational instincts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He used the literary technique called, "stream of consciousness". Considered avant-garde in his time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Principle of Uniformitarianism: earth is thought to be a million years old. His theory made Darwin's theory "possible". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"God is Dead"
German philosopher: believed that the discoveries of modern science and philosophical reasoning led to the conclusion that God is a myth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
German school teacher and philosopher: "Decline of the West" (most famous postwar prophecy of impending doom). Saw western civilization as an organism that would eventually die. And its demise was soon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Total abandon of reality. Reality is relative to the perception of the artist. In fact, artists believed that this art "created" reality. No longer an objective standard to judge what is good or bad art. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is often the term used to describe the 20th century. It was a century of severe change that left the future of European civilization in doubt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The generation of intellectuals, artists, and writers that used their talents to defend democracy and criticise facism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement in art, literature, film, etc... that mocked artistic and social conventionality and emphasized the absured and illogical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Autonomous reason could discover the natural laws that governed society as well as nature. Believed that b/c humans are basically good they could build a better world. History had meaning, they were "guided by the light of reason". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Niezche reflecting what he saw as man's rejection of a creator God. If the great war could happen then there couldn't be an all powerful loving God that would have let it happen. (was the general consensus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Niezche reflecting what he saw as man's rejection of a creator God. If the great war could happen then there couldn't be an all powerful loving God that would have let it happen. (was the general consensus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speaking of the very few elite in society that made decisions of approval of art. Ex: Mozart, Rembrant, people with patrons. As opposed to "mass culture": folk and jazz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renoir, Monet etc...abandoned objective reality (portraying the world around them) for a subjective response to the real world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An American contribution to both the popular and high cultures. Found a home in Paris and Berlin. It was a hub for people who sought a decadent lifestyle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taught that there was no objective reality. Space and time did not exsist independent of the observer. there is no fixed or absolute reference point anywhere in the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rooted in the last half of the 19th century. By the late 1920's it had become largely a matter of entertainment, recreation, fashions, and fads which, for a short period of time might bind people from different social backgrounds together and blur the still significant differences that exsisted. This led to many of the attributes familier in today's society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They sought reality in the recesses of the mind. Reality was now the individual artist's mental reflections upon the sensory images coming into the mind as light waves. It led to abstract art. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sought reality in the unconscious beyond the reach of reason. One response to the chaos that was going on at the time yet left society with no answer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Supermen" prophesied by Nietzche, who would create new myths and take the place of "God" (who had been murdred by the advance of civilization). Hitler could be an example of one of the "supermen" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The leader of the Social Democrats. Chosen to be the National Assembly's president at the constitutional writing at Weimar. (Weimar Republic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| War hero and suporter of the Monarchy becomes President of the Republic after Ebert's death. He was unsympathetic to parliamentary control of government. |
|
|
Term
Miklos Horthy
(came after Bela Kun) |
|
Definition
| Hungarian Admiral commander-in-cheif became regent and head of state. Declared Hungary a monarchy with the throne vacant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right wing journalist who attempted to seize power in Berlin on March 1920. Kapp was supported by general Ludendorff. Eventually fled to Sweden. |
|
|
Term
Bela Kun
(came before Miklos Horthy) |
|
Definition
| Transformed the republic of Hungary (1918) into a communist dictatorship in 1919 which was destroyed by the Romanian invasion and the appearance of the counterrevolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Britain during the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920's, twice he headed a minority goverment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A liberal who kept Czechoslovakia rooted deeply in liberal tradition which helped it to withstand the rigors of the depression during the 30's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Led a coup in Poland that abolished the republic and established a dictatorship behind the facade of a constitutional system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Returned to power in France as the head of a National Union ministry that governed France until 1929. He pursued a conservative economic policy. During his time (1926-29) his conservative policies restored financial stability to France. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Led the "Reds" or red army of the new Soviet Govt. He wanted a permanent revolution. This went against Stalin which led to him eventually being murdered in Mexico. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Came to power after Lenin. He put forth the idea of "Socialism in One Country" (belief that the Soviet Union could create the conditions for socialism, an industrial economy, by itself, without the aid of revolutionary states elsewhere in Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dealt with inflation. "Fulfillment" One of the writers of the "Lacarno Treatises" (supposed international cooperation based upon the fulfillment of the Paris Peace settlement) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Of the German Constitution allowed the President to rule by decree during times of national emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Socialist Party newspaper whose editor was Benito Mussolini |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923. An unsuccessfull attempt to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mussolini's militia. The thugs that carried out Mussolini's bidding usually intimidating his enemy's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The organization that connected all the various communist parties. In nearly every country, a communist party emerged from the old socal democratic and trade union movements to challenge what communists termed "bourgeois democracy". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provided a realistic scale for reparations payment and a foreign loan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lacked coherent doctrine or concrete program of reform but instead focused on "action". The action was aimed at abolishing class distinctions and fusing the masses into an organic whole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A political system where the state, usually under the control of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed in 1919 by Benito Mussolini. This new party came out of the confusion and frustration caused by the "Socialists" and the Catholic "Popolari". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Were a series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. |
|
|
