Term
| Family History of which diseases should be checked for during an ophthalmology examination? |
|
Definition
| - glaucoma, cataracts, retinal degeneratoin, strabismus, corneal dystrophies |
|
|
Term
| Describe the condition of a hyperopic eye. |
|
Definition
| - axial length is too short for the power of the cornea and the lens |
|
|
Term
| Describe the anatomy of a myopic eye |
|
Definition
| - an eye with an axial length that is too long for the power of the cornea and the lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - the ability of the ciliary muscle to contract causing a change in the shape and the power of the lens, allowing the eye to focus at near |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomy of an eye with astigmatism? |
|
Definition
| - an eye with a cornea with differing refractive powers in one meridian compared to another. |
|
|
Term
| What is the "red reflex"? |
|
Definition
- a red-orange reflection from the pupil that is seen when examining the eye with the ophthalmoscope.
- "red eye" of pictures |
|
|
Term
| Describe the use of the ophthalmoscope |
|
Definition
- darken the room
- look through aperture at 1ft from Pt.
- look at pupil from an angle slightly lateral to the Pt's gaze
- focus on the red reflex, and change diopters to retain focus until vessel is seen
- trace vessel to optic disc. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the measurement of visual acuity in the ophthalmologic examination |
|
Definition
- measure near and distant vision
- use wallchart, hand motions, or light sensitivity. |
|
|
Term
| After testing visual acuity what should be tested? |
|
Definition
| - direct and consensual pupillary responses, and accommodation reflex |
|
|
Term
| Describe the testing of the direct and consensual pupillary responses (Pupillary light reflex) |
|
Definition
- direct response: shine light in each eye and watch for constriction of eye
- consensual response: shine light in one eye and observe constriction in other eye |
|
|
Term
| Describe testing of accommodation reflex |
|
Definition
- Pt focuses on a distant, non-lighted object (pen in physician's hand)
- object is slowly moved closer to the patient's eyes
- eyes will converge (lens will become more convex, as well) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the swinging flashlight test |
|
Definition
- Pt focuses on distant object and light is shined in one eye (both eyes constrict)
- penlight is moved rapidly to other eye
- if dilation occurs and eyes do not constrict to equal degree as when the light was in the other eye, then there is CNII defect in eye. |
|
|
Term
| After testing pupils for reflex, what should be tested? |
|
Definition
| - inspection of lids and surrounding tissues |
|
|
Term
| What type of drops should be used when inspecting the lids and surrounding tissues of the eye? |
|
Definition
| - topical proparacaine drops |
|
|
Term
| After inspecting the lids and surrounding tissues of the eye, what should be inspected next? |
|
Definition
| - the conjunctiva and scleera |
|
|
Term
| What ar ethe two components of the conjunctiva? |
|
Definition
- the palpebral conjunctiva (inside of eyelids)
- the bulbar conjunctiva (surface of the eye) |
|
|
Term
| After inspecting the conjunctiva and sclera, what should be tested next? |
|
Definition
| - extraocular movements and assessment of ocular alighment |
|
|
Term
| Describe the testing of the Extraocular movement of the eye. |
|
Definition
- have patient follow a target to move the eyes
- draw the shape of "H" with finger (tests all muscles) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the testing of ocular alignment |
|
Definition
- have Pt focus on a pinpoint light source and note the location of the light reflex on the cornea
- have Pt close each eye separately and note if the light reflex changes position in the cornea of the other eye.
- if light changes position: strabismus |
|
|
Term
| After testing alignment of the eyes, what should be tested next? |
|
Definition
| - confrontational visual fields |
|
|
Term
| Describe the testing of confrontational visual fields |
|
Definition
- sit opposite patient and each close mirrored eyes.
- flash fingers in the edge of the four quadrants of your visual field and have Pt tell you how many fingers or when they see your fingers.
- Repeat for other eye |
|
|
Term
| After testing confrontational visual fields, what should be inspected next? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe fluorescein staining of the cornea |
|
Definition
- used to test epithelial defects
- proparacaine is applied to fluorescein strip, which is then applied to bare eye
- inspect eye with cobalt-blue filtered light
- areas of denuded epithelium will be bright green |
|
|
Term
| Describe points of examination of the optic disc |
|
Definition
- margins
- color
- cup area
- vertical elongation of cup
- notches
- asymmetry
- compare to opposite eye |
|
|
Term
| What is tonometry used to measure? |
|
Definition
| - intraocular pressure (IOP) |
|
|
