Term
| Tumors of germ cell origin |
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Definition
--25% of ovarian tumors
--account for most ovarian tumors occuring in women younger than 20 yrs old
--Most are benign cystic teratomas
Remainder
Children/young adults
Higher incidence of malignant behavior
Similar to germ cell tumors of testis |
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Term
| Types of ovarian germ cell tumors |
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Definition
Teratomas
Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor
Embryonal carcinoma
Dysgerminoma
Choriocarcinoma
Mixed tumors |
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Term
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Definition
--characteristically demonstrate tissue elements derived from two or three embryonic layers
--3 dinstinct forms: immature, mature (dermoid cyst), and monodermal |
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Term
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Definition
--hair, teeth, grummas, areas of calcification
--accounts for 90% of germ cell tumors
--BENIGN
--lined by skin, hair, etc
--may arise by reduplication of meiotic maternal chromosomes, giving rise to 46XX cells of maternal origin |
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Term
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Definition
| contains only a single tissue element; for example, the most common is struma ovarii, which consists entirely of thyroid tissue and can be hyperfunctional, resulting in hyperthyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
Solid with fetal or embryonal tissue (especially cartilage and bone)
Younger women (mean = 18)
Diagnosis based on immature neuroepithelium
Grow rapidly with frequent spread/metastases
Stage I/Grade 1 excellent prognosis
Others treated with prophylactice chemotherapy (absent disease >2 yrs good prognosis) |
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Term
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Definition
--MALIGNANT
--homologous to testicular seminoma
--Unusual- 2% of ovarian tumors but half of malignant germ cell tumors
~75% in the second and third decades
Usual unilateral and solid tumors
Large vesicular cell with cleared cytoplasm, well-defined cell borders and centrally placed regular nuclei and background lymphocytes (fried egg appearance)
Extremely radiosensitive |
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Term
| Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor |
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Definition
Second most common malignant tumor of germ cell origin
Most patients are children or young woman
Differentiation toward yolk sac structure
Rich in AFP and alpha-1-antitrypsin
Conspicuous intracellular and extracellular hyaline droplets, some of which are AFP+
Aggressive tumors
Treated with combination chemotherapy
--SCHILLER DUVAL BODIES!! |
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Term
| Sex Cord-stromal origin tumors |
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Definition
Ovarian neoplasms derived from the ovarian stroma (derived from sex cords of embryonic gonad)
May emulate feminine (granulosa and theca) or masculine (Sertoli-Leydig) gonads
May be feminizing (granulosa-theca cell tumors) or masculinizing (Leydig cell tumors) |
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Term
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Definition
--May secrete estrogen
--Precocious puberty in prepubertal girls
--Characterized by Call-Exner bodies, small follicles filled w/ eosinophilic secretion: look like coffee bean nuclei!
Adult women they may be associated w/:
Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma
Cystic disease of breast
Generally indolent; 10 year survival 85%
Unilateral usually |
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Term
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Definition
These are tumors arising in the ovarian stroma that are composed of either fibroblasts (fibromas) or more plump spindle cells w/ lipid droplets (thecomas).
They are solid, hard, and gray-white
Fibroma: solid tumor consisting of bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts; associated w/ Meigs syndrome, which is a triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax
Thecoma: demonstrates round lipid containing cells in addition to fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
--is androgen secreting and associated w/ virilism (masculinization)
--Resemble cells of the testis
Commonly produce masculinization or at least defeminization
Peak incidence second and third decades
Solid tumors with gray to golden brown appearance
Generally benign clinical course |
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