·         Motivational state = state targeted by subliminal messages

Inhibitory = polarization

Excitatory = depolarization

·         According to the lecture, what is the best explanation for why people conformed in Asch’s study?

o    Normative influence (conforming to fit in, not because you think that the others are correct)

·         What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

·         What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

·         Although specific genes seem to be involved in personality, the effects of these genes on personality seems small. Why?

oMultiple genes interact and they may act in opposite ways

o   planning and movement

Prefrontal cortex: directing and maintaining attention, avoiding distractions, and developing and acting on plans

Experimental

Correlational

Observational

·         What is the function of the temporal lobe?

o    Identifying faces and understanding spoken language

 Mind and body both experience distinct emotions

Emotion in the brain and physical reaction in body

High brain activity but no bodily arousal

Beta waves

·         Sometimes on Halloween, those in costumes/masks will do things that they would not normally do. Why?

§  Two-factor theory of emotion: there is a general arousal and the label that we choose to give to this arousal is what defines the specific emotion

Encoding

Storage (Consolidation)

Retrieval

Reconsolidation

Id: unconscious, impulses and desires

Superego: standards of conduct

Ego: mediator between Id and Superego

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticisim

·         What happens when you try to suppress a thought?

§  Trichromatic theory: color vision results from three different types of cones, S, M, L.

Opponent process theory: there are opponent colors, i.e. red and green, and focus is on ganglion cells, which are activated by L wavelengths but inhibited by M wavelengths and ones that are the opposite

o    Infant temperament correlates w/ both the general structure of adult personality and specific behavioral patterns observed in adults

o    Temporal – memory

o    Parietal – spatial recognition/processing and navigating

Occlusion

Relative Size

Familar Size

Linear Perspective

Texture Gradient

Position relative horizon

Description

Explanation

Prediction

Control

PECD

·         Does not account for the use of different strategies between individuals or cultures

·         Assumes that all children complete one stage before moving onto the next

·         Competence vs performance

Normative: largest gain

Descriptive: show biases, illogical

Fluid: abstract relationships and problem solving w/o prior knowledge

Crystallized: knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge to solve problems

-          the unintentional focusing of attention, for example by changing a stimulus. Look at dog but then there is a car crash

§  Light hits the retina

§  Photopigments are activated and split

§  Activated ganglion cells

§  Sends signal via optic nerve to thalamus

§  Converted information is sent to the primary visual cortex

Semantic: facts not related to personal experience

Episodic: life events

Declarative: personal facts

Unusually extreme traits

Problematic traits

Interactive traits

Stability of symptoms

Ego-syntonic symptoms

Reinforcers promote desired action while punishments discourage undesired actions

Positive = give something

Negative = take something away

States that the just noticeable different between to stimuli is based on a proportion of the original stimulus rather than on a fixed amount of difference

i.e. the larger the weight, the harder it is to detect a small difference between weights.

§  Set goals

·         Good goals are: specific, measureable, realistic

§  Create implementation intentions

·         Plan

§  Monitor and incentivize progress

·         Feedback enables the re-consideration of plan in order to reach goals 

Binocular disparity

Convergence

Transience

Blocking

Absentmindedness

Persistance

Misattribution

Bias

Suggestibility

Availability

Emotional

Representativeness: putting people in categories

Proximity

Similarity

Continuity

Closure

Illusory Contours

·         Form a hypothesis

·         Conduct a literature review

·         Design a study

·         Conduct the study

·         Analyze Data

Report results

Self-serving bias

Unrealistic optimisim

Self-handicapping