Term
| What is the difference between a stroke and a TIA? |
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Definition
| A stroke is of over 24 hours duration. |
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Term
| What would you expect a stroke in the occipital lobe to cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would you expect a stroke in the frontal lobe to cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would you expect a stroke affecting the pre-central gyrus to cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of stroke? |
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Definition
1) Infarct: thrombosis or embolism
2) Haematoma. |
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Term
| Describe the factors involved in determining the clinical classification of stroke (8). |
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Definition
1) Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of FACE?
2) Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of ARM/HAND?
3) Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of LEG/FOOT?
4) Dysphasia?
5) Homonymous hemianopia?
6) Visuospatial disorder?
7) Brainstem/cerebellar signs?
8) Other deficits? |
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Term
| What does a total anterior circulation stroke entail? |
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Definition
-Main artery to 1 hemisphere obstructed
-“Full house” of effects:
1) Complete hemiparesis / numbness
2) Loss of vision on one side
3) Loss of awareness of one side
4) Dysphasia if dominant side |
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Term
| What does a partial anterior circulation stroke entail? |
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Definition
-Branch of the main artery
-Effects:
1) Face &/or arm &/or leg weak / numb
2) One higher deficit: inattention or vision or dysphasia |
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Term
| What does a lacunar stroke entail? |
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Definition
-Small “perforating” artery
-Movement and sensation pathways affected:
1) Weakness / numbness of
Face + Arm + Leg
Or Face + Arm
Or Arm + Leg
2) May have dysarthria
But no effect on higher function. Will not have dysphasia, inattention
Or visual problems. |
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Term
| What does a posterior circulation stroke entail? |
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Definition
-Any posterior artery
-Causes a combination including:
1) Loss of balance / co-ordination
2) Vertigo
3) Double vision
4) Dysarthria
5) Visual loss |
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Term
| Which form of stroke is the most likely to reoccur? |
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Definition
| Posterior occipital circulation. |
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Term
| When should stroke thrombolysis be given? |
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Definition
| Within the first 4.5 hours of symptom onset. |
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Term
| Why is stroke thrombolysis risky? |
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Definition
-10% significantly better.
-10% intracranial haemorrhage. |
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Term
| What drug should be given acutely and why is it important if the patient has had thrombolysis or not? |
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Definition
| 300mg of aspirin (if an infarct). If thrombolysis given then wait 24 hours. |
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Term
| What treatment is given to prevent stroke recurrence? |
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Definition
Antiplatelet agents:
1) Aspirin+ clopidogrel
2) Aspirin+ dipyramidole if not suitable.
Statins:
1) Simvastin |
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Term
| What drug should be given in the case of atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What test should be used to test if a patient is suitable for a carotid endarterectomy? |
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Definition
| A carotid-doppler ultrasound. |
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