Term
| What are the 2 main types of memory? |
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Definition
1) Declarative
2) Procedural. |
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Term
| What is the difference between declarative and procedural memory? |
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Definition
| Declarative is a record of fact accessible to the consciousness. Procedural involves skills and behaviours. |
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Term
| Which areas of the brain are responsible for procedural memory, skeletal musculature and emotional responses? |
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Definition
Procedural memory: striatum
Skeletal musculature: cerebellum
Emotional responses: amygdala |
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Term
| What is retrograde amnesia? |
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Definition
| Missing memories before the trauma. |
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Term
| What is anterograde amnesia? |
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Definition
| Failing to incorporate new memories. |
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Term
| Where are memories distributed? |
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Definition
| Throughout the neocortex. If reliant on only one sense then they are located in the related cortical area. |
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Term
| What is the role of the medial temporal lobe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome? |
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Definition
Frontotemporal dementia. It results in:
1) Hyperphagia
2) Hypersexuality
3) Innappropriate emotional behaviour
4) Probable visual agnosia. |
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Term
| What kind of amnesia would you expect in MTL damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does damage to the entorhinal cortex result in? |
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Definition
| Loss of long term memory. |
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Term
| What is the hippocampus important for? |
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Definition
1) Spatial memory
2) Associative learning (bringing together different sensory inputs). |
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Term
| Which regions of the medial temporal lobe are most important for memory? |
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Definition
1) The rhinal cortex
2) The hippocampus
3) The amygdala. |
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Term
| What are the key symptoms of korsakoff's syndrome? |
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Definition
1) Marked anterograde and retrograde memory disturbance
2) Confabulation |
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Term
| What is the cause of Korsakoff's syndrome? |
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Definition
| Thiamin deficiency, secondary to malnutrition in chronic alcoholism. |
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Term
| Where are lesions commonnly found in Korsakoff's syndrome? |
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Definition
| The dorsomedial thalamus and mamillary bodies. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between Parkinson's and stimulus-response habits? |
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Definition
| Parkinson's damages the substantia nigra (input to the striatum) and patients cannot form stimulus-response habits. |
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Term
| What is the difference between primary and secondary dementia? |
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Definition
1) Primary: protein deposit problems cause neuronal death
2) Secondary: associated with systemic or neurological disease. |
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