Term
What makes coastal habitats highly productive?
|
|
Definition
- Onshore & offshore nutrients
- Feeding grounds
- Nursury habitat for fish, crustaceans, birds
|
|
|
Term
| What are the coastal habitats? |
|
Definition
- Mangroves
- Estuaries
- Seagrass Meadows
- Offshore shallow reef
|
|
|
Term
| Where are the mangrove forests located? |
|
Definition
Tropical/subtropical coasts of:
- Asia
- Africa
- Australia
- Americas
|
|
|
Term
| __________ produce constant detritus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As you go south, you notice a transition between ________________ and ________________. |
|
Definition
| salt marsh; mangrove forest |
|
|
Term
| Besides supporting the Red Mangrove, what else do prop roots do? |
|
Definition
| Create an underwater habitat (good for nurseries) |
|
|
Term
| Red Mangrove's scientific name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals live in/on/around mangrove roots? |
|
Definition
- Fish
- Balanus barnacles
- mangrove oysters (Crassostrea)
- Flat tree oysters (Isognomon)
- Tunicates
|
|
|
Term
| What makes estuaries very rich systems? |
|
Definition
- Nutrient influx from land
- Nutrients recycled within estuary
- Bottom is full of invertebrates
|
|
|
Term
| What colors usually indicate a poisonous tunicate or other organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Nursery habitat
- Filter water of debris & sediment
- Storm buffer
|
|
|
Term
| What is the salinity of pure salt water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seagrass beds are ___ to ___ meters deep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do seagrass beds spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seagrass seedlings can colonize areas already stabilized by ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plant height and bed shape can be determined by ____________ and ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seagrasses are in Phylum ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reproductive organs of seagrasses? |
|
Definition
- Water-transported pollen
- Reduced flowers
|
|
|
Term
| Three types of seagrass found in the Keys are: |
|
Definition
- Halodule
- Thalassia
- Syringodium
|
|
|
Term
| The common name for Halodule is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The common name for Thalassia is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Syringodium is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Halodule likes ____ energy water. Therefore it is proximal to the ____ tide line. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which seagrass is the most common variety in the Keys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of seagrass is tubular, long, and thin (like spaghetti)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common organisms found in seagrass beds? |
|
Definition
- Queen Conch
- Horse Conch
- Sea Biscuit
|
|
|
Term
| Seagrass beds are important for __________ ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anoxic sediment is a habitat for ________ bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some benefitial functions of seagrass beds? |
|
Definition
- Oxygenate habitat
- Provide cover
- Enrich environment
|
|
|
Term
| Predators of seagrass beds include: |
|
Definition
- Sea turtles
- Sea urchins
- Pinfish
- Echinoderms
|
|
|
Term
| Epiphytes and Epifauna of seagrass beds include: |
|
Definition
- Bryozoans
- Crabs
- Worms
- Molluscs
- Cnidarians
- Sponges
|
|
|
Term
| Epibionts decrease_______ _____ available for photosynthesis, causing ________ growth of the seagrass. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Concerns for seagrass beds: |
|
Definition
- Disease
- Phytoplankton overpopulation
- Epiphyte load
|
|
|
Term
| Impacted areas tend to have more ______ and ______ than unimpacted areas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Algae growth depends on _____ availability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the algal tissue for buoyancy called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plant tissue for buoyancy called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the algal tissue for photosynthesis called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plant tissue for photosynthesis called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "stem" of algae called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the algal equivalent to roots called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phylum Chlorophyta is the _____ Algae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phylum Phaeophyta is the _____ Algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phylum Rhodophyta is the _____ Algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phylum is most closely related to plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the Phylum Chlorophyta store food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Phlum Phaeophyta store food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Phylum is the typical "seaweed"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phylum of algae can be leafy, fuzzy, calcified, or encrusting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Avrainvillea sp. is ________ and it is a _______ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Halimeda sp. is ____________ and it is a ______ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caulerpa sp. is a ______ algae. How many species can we see in the Keys? |
|
Definition
| green; 4 (C. taxifolia, C. mexicana, C. paspaloides, C. racermosa) |
|
|
Term
| Cymopolia barbata's identifying features are ______ and _______________. It is a ______ algae. |
|
Definition
| notches;featherlike plume;green |
|
|
Term
| Penicillus sp. is known as ___________________ and is a ________ algae |
|
Definition
| Mermans shaving brush; green |
|
|
Term
| Acetabularia sp. is a ______ algae and its common name is ____________. |
|
Definition
| green; Mermaid's wineglass |
|
|
Term
| The common name for Ulva sp. is _______ and it is a ______ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Valonia sp. is ____________ and it is a _____ algae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Cladophora sp. is ___________ and it is a _____ algae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Padina sp. is __________ and it is a _____ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Sargassum sp. is ________ and it is a _____ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are the most common genuses of brown algae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Dictyota sp. is ________ and it is a _____ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common name for Acanthophera sp. is ________ and it is a _____ algae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What habitat has the most diverse ecosystem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coral and coralline algae are made of ______. |
|
Definition
| CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) |
|
|
Term
| Sponges are made of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Coral reefs are resistant to _____.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reef structure gives ________ but animals must _______ for it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corals are part of a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corals reproduce ________ and _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asexual reproduction in corals occurs by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sexual reproduction in coral occurs by: |
|
Definition
- Mass spawning
- Mobile planula larvae
|
|
|
Term
| Some coral larvae can last ___ to ___ days before settling. This allows for _____________ migration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reef building corals that grow continuously are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zooxanthellae is a mutualistic _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ lives in the endoderm of hermatypic coral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does coral gain from its mutualistic relationship with zooxanthellae? |
|
Definition
- gains nutrients & lipid sythesis
- faster calcification
|
|
|
Term
| The best latitudes for coral reefs are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hermatypic corals are restricted to __ to __ meters deeps. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What salinity do coral reefs live at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benefits of wave action to reefs: |
|
Definition
- Brings O2
- Brings nutrients
|
|
|
Term
| How is coral protected from sediment & pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which coral has the thickest mucus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of Coastal reefs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atoll reefs are around a submerged ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barrier reefs are __________ and __________ a continent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reefs on the continental shelf are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Buttress Zone is has: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cyphoma (flamingo tongue)
- Hermodice (fire worm)
- Acanthaster (crown of thorns starfish)
- Coralliophilia (coral eating snail)
|
|
|
Term
| Phylum Ectoprocta (the Bryozoans) live as ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a major disease of coral reefs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In coral reefs, warm water can lead to ______ _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
- Corals
- Sea anemones
- Jellyfish
- Hydroids
|
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Ctenopora? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Porifera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Ectoprocta (Bryozoa)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals are in the Phylum Annelida? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sandy/Muddy bottom habitats are important for _________ animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of reef has a shallow-water system of limestone rock covered by a thin sandy layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals dominate hardbottom reefs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of reef is characterized by a spur and groove formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of reef is abundant in the upper Keys and is close to shore? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you look at seagrass blades closely, what can you observe? |
|
Definition
| Epibionts (Epiphyts & Epizoites) |
|
|
Term
| Which species are considered epiphytes in seagrass beds? |
|
Definition
- Diatoms
- Dinoflagellates
- Algae
|
|
|
Term
| Which species are considered Epizoites in seagrass beds? |
|
Definition
- Hydroids
- Sponges
- Small sea anemones
|
|
|
Term
| Why can't most coral grow in seagrass beds? |
|
Definition
| The sandy bottoms do not provide an adequate anchoring site for coral. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of sea grass we will encounter in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Turtle Grass
- Shoal Grass
- Manatee Grass
|
|
|
Term
| What are some identifying features of the Phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
- Radial Symmetry
- No head
- Mouth surrounded by tentacles
|
|
|
Term
| What are the life stages of a Cnidarian? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Cnidarian life stage has the mouth pointed upward? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Cnidarian life stage has the mouth pointed downward? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 2 functions of nematocysts are: |
|
Definition
- Stinging
- Backward barbs hold on to prey and pull closer
|
|
|
Term
| How many tentacles does a polyp have in hard corals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many tentacles does a polyp have in soft coral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 feeding methods hard corals use? |
|
Definition
- Absorb dssolved organics
- Tentacles with nematocysts
- Zooxanthellae
|
|
|
Term
| In the mutualistic relationship between hard coral and zooxanthellae, how do the zooxanthellae benefit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the mutualistic relationship between hard coral and zooxanthellae, how do the hard corals benefit? |
|
Definition
- Sugars
- O2
- pH allows for the shell to be built
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sign of stress caused by one or more or seven factors |
|
|
Term
| What factors can result in coral bleaching? |
|
Definition
- Change in water temp
- Increased UV radiation
- Changes in water chemistry
- Starvation caused by zooplankton decline
- Increased sedimentation
- Pathogen infections
- Changes in salinity
|
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of coral species we may see in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Staghorn/Elkhorn
- Tube & Bush corals
- Thick fnger corals
- Mustard Hill coral
- Rose coral
- Golf ball Coral
- Star Corals
- Lettuce & Brain Corals
|
|
|
Term
| Why are soft corals more flexible? |
|
Definition
| Body structure has more protein than calcium |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of soft corals? |
|
Definition
- Sea fans
- Sea rods
- Corky sea fingers
- Fire corals
|
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of Hydroid species we may encounter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some species of anemones we may encounter? |
|
Definition
- Pale anemone
- Giant anemone
- Sun anemone
- Corkscrew anemone
- Blue branched anemone
|
|
|
Term
| Which anemone is commonly found on mangrove roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anemone has pink tips? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anemone has zooxanthellae in the tips and has pseudotentacles in the day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of jellyfish might we encounter in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Moon Jelly
- Small Thimble Jellyfish
- Upside down jellyfish
|
|
|
Term
| The genus name for the upside down jellyfish is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are identifying feature of the Phylum Ctenophora? |
|
Definition
- Asymmetrical
- No nematocysts
- Combs of cilia
|
|
|
Term
| What species of Ctenophores are we likely to see? |
|
Definition
- Beroe's comb jelly
- Sea walnut
|
|
|
Term
| Which Phylum contains the simplest organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species of sponges are we likely to come across in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Chicken liver sponges
- Vase sponges
- Red boring sponge
- Fire sponge
- Tube sponge
- Giant barrel sponge
- Logger head sponge
- Orange lumpy sponge
- Orange icing sponge
|
|
|
Term
| Why do sponges have pigmentation, and what can we compare this to? |
|
Definition
| For UV protection; like getting a tan |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Ectoprocta species live within a secreted _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filter-feed with a lophophore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U-shaped, ciliated feeding tentacle on Bryozoans |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common genus of Phylum Ectoprocta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than Bugula, what other species of Ectoprocts can be found in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Staghorn bryozoan
- Lacey bryozoan
- Crust bryozoan
|
|
|
Term
| Flatworms have an _________ gut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class of flatworms will we see in the Keys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Turbellarians can devastate ________ beds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of annelids are polychaetes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of annelids are in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Lugworms
- Medusa worms
- Featherdust worms
- Bearded Fireworms
|
|
|
Term
| What are some identifying features of Echinoderms? |
|
Definition
- Water vascular system
- Pentaradial symmetry
|
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of Echinoderms? |
|
Definition
- Ophiuroidea
- Asteroidea
- Echinoidea
- Holothuroidea
|
|
|
Term
| Ophiuroidea includes what animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Echinoderms are _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are found in the class Asteroidea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species of sea star is not a predator? What does it feed on? |
|
Definition
| Cusion/reticulated sea star; microbes in sand or on turtle grass leaves |
|
|
Term
| What species of Asteroidea can be found in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Cushion/reticulated Sea Star
- Beaded Sea Star
- Thorny Sea Star
- Comet Star
|
|
|
Term
| What animals are in the class Echinoidea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Echinoideas feed on? |
|
Definition
| Algae, plants, and detritus |
|
|
Term
| What species of Echinoidea are found in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Giant Black Urchin
- Red Rock Urchin
- Rock Boring Urchin
- West Indian Sea Egg
|
|
|
Term
| What animals are in the Class Holothuroidea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes Holothuroideas different from other echinoderms? |
|
Definition
| They are soft and leathery |
|
|
Term
| What "secret weapon" do Holothuroideas possess? |
|
Definition
| Cuvier's organ (internal structures that are sticky & poisonous |
|
|
Term
| What species of Holothuroidea can be found in the Keys? |
|
Definition
- Five-toothed sea cucumber
- Donkey dung sea cucumber
- Florida sea cucumber
- Tiger tail sea cucumber
|
|
|
Term
| Tunicates are in the Pylum _________, subphylum ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which life stage are tunicates free-swimming? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which life stage are tunicates solitary or colonial,and sessile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adult tunicates have 2 ________ for filter feeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of solitary large tunicates include: |
|
Definition
- Black Tunicate
- Mangrove Tunicate
- Bulb Tunicate
|
|
|
Term
| Which type of Tunicate is characterized by being transparent, whitish/bluish, and having a ringed incurrent siphon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of Colonial tunicates? |
|
Definition
- Flat tunicate
- Encrusting tunicates
- Overgrowing Tunicates
- Star tunicates
|
|
|
Term
| Flat tunicates are characterized by: |
|
Definition
- Being a brownish color with white squiggles
- Gelatinous & encrusting
|
|
|
Term
| The phylum Mollusca has a ________ coelem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Phylum Muollusca has __________ symmetry. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The muscular foot and mantle/mantle cavity are associated with which Phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ do Mollusks have for respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Mollusks do not have the head-foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body plan for mollusks? |
|
Definition
- Head-foot
- Visceral mass
- Mantle
|
|
|
Term
| A mollusk's shell is a _______ of the mantle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horny, ribbonlike structure found in the mouths of all mollusks except the bivalves |
|
|
Term
| What four classes of Mollusks did we talk about? |
|
Definition
- Gastropods
- Bivlaves
- Chitons
- Squid/Octopi (cephalopods)
|
|
|
Term
| Which Gastropod is known for its pinkish color on the inside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Queen Conch is a _________; it eats _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stromboid notch is a characteristic of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genus name that all true Conchs share? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the official state shell of Florida? |
|
Definition
|
|
