Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are some problems plants face in the Keys? |
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Definition
- Intense sunlight & heat
- Thin soils
- Salt Spray (from wind)
- Tidal inundations (Storms make water cover land)
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Term
| Since nutrients are lost in sandy environments, where do Keys plants obtain nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Key Largo Limestone is found...? |
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Definition
| In the Upper and Lower Keys |
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Term
| Miami Limestone is found... |
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Definition
| in the Lower Keys, on top of Key Largo Limestone. |
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Term
What are some plant adaptations to Keys environment?
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Definition
- Deciduous or succulent leathery leaves (water storage)
- Shallow but extensive (wide) root systems
- Salt tolerance (mostly NaCl)
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Term
| What are some adaptations of Keys plants to help them tolerate salt? |
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Definition
- Exclusion
- Extrusion
- Vacuolar sequestration
- Succulence
- Loss of leaves/parts of leaves
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Term
| ______ influx channels allow Na+ influx to toxic levels. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| by filtration in roots.... no uptake of salt |
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Term
| What is vacuolar sequestration? |
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Definition
Requires osmotoic adjustment
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Term
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Definition
| Pushing salt out at roots or leaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing volume to dilute salts. |
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Term
| Salt Extrustion includes shedding structures with accumulated salts. Examples are: |
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Definition
- Leaves (specialized cells that accumulate salt are deposited when leaves are bumped)
- Salt glands (in White Mangroves) allow salt to be rinsed off by rain
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Term
| High plant diversity inlcudes species from: |
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Definition
- North American mainland
- Caribbean (aka West Indies)
- Introduced exotics
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Term
| Most plants in the Keys are... |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 Habitats in the FL Keys: |
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Definition
- Mangroves
- Sandy Beaches
- Wetlands
- Pinelands
- Hardwoord Hammocks
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Term
| Where are mangroves found? |
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Definition
Shallow water
Intertidal zones
Protected from direct wave action |
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Term
| The three types of mangroves found in Florida are: |
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Definition
- Red Mangrove
- Black Mangrove
- White Mangrove
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Term
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Definition
- Nursery areas for fish
- Rookeries for birds
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Term
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Definition
| Modified cells that allow for gas exchange in the roots |
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Term
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Definition
| have lenticels on exposed portions |
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Term
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Definition
| anchoring roots with pneumatophores, and with lenticels. |
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Term
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Definition
| allow water-logged roots to obtain oxygen |
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Term
| Which mangrove is closest to the water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mangrove is furthest from the water? |
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Definition
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Term
| The red mangrove filters what percent of salt? |
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Definition
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Term
| The black mangrove filters what percent of salt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mangrove has salt glands on the upper leaf surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the white mangrove deal with salt? |
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Definition
| Paired salt glands in leaf petioles and on leaves. |
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Term
| The trunk on red mangroves is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The trunk on black mangroves is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The trunk on white mangroves is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The red mangrove is the only one with ____ roots |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the leaves of red mangroves. |
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Definition
Thick, blunt
2 stipules at base of young leaves |
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Term
| Describe the leaves of black mangroves. |
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Definition
| opposite leaves shiny with white underside |
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Term
| Describe the leaves of white mangroves. |
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Definition
| broad light yellow/green elliptical leaves |
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Term
| Red and Black mangroves are __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seed germinates on plant into propagules. |
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Term
| Black mangroves have ______ spaced, _______ shaped pneumatophores. |
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Definition
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Term
| White mangroves have ______ pneumatophores. |
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Definition
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Term
| Buttonwoods are identified by: |
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Definition
*No prop roots or pneumatophores
* button-like flower clusters & fruits
* related to white mangrove |
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Term
| Why aren't mangroves found on sandy beaches/dunes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sand in mainland Florida is __________. In the Keys it is ____________. |
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Definition
| CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate); shell fragments/oolites |
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Term
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Definition
| Nesting sites for shorebirds and sea turtles |
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Term
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Definition
- Few to no plants
- Wrack (debris from land and sea)
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Term
| Primary Dunes are frequently disrupted by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants on Primary Dunes tend to be: |
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Definition
- Salt Tolerant
- Fibrous-rooted
- mostly grasses
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Term
| Secondary Dunes are also known as the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of the scrub zone are: |
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Definition
- nutrient poor
- less salty
- sand stablized by vegetation
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Term
| 3 types of grasses in the Keys: |
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Definition
- Sea Oats
- Saltgrass
- Sandburs
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Term
| Which grass is illegal to pick in the Keys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Common Plants in beach/dune areas are: |
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Definition
- Grasses
- Railroad vines
- Sea Purslane
- Sea Grape
- Inkberry
- Sea lavender
- Bay cedar
- Spurge Nettle
- Bay Bean
- Wild Allamanda
- 7 year apple
- Poison Ivy
- Sea Beans
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Term
| Sea Grapes scientific name... |
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Definition
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Term
| Inkberry's fruit is what color? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which plant in dune regions produces a sting lasting 15-60min? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which plant's immature seeds are poisonous & has highly narcotic dry pods? |
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Definition
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Term
| What plant is poisonous if ingested? |
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Definition
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Term
| What plants is Genipapo made from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Poison Ivy's scientific name? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea Beans are sometimes carried by the ________ to _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| Gulf Stream; England; Ireland |
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Term
| What can be viable in the ocean for 1+ years? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea bean Mucuna pruriens has what medicinal uses? |
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Definition
- Parasites
- Parkinson's
- Bladder/Liver
- Aphrodisiac
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Term
| The Upper Keys are highly permeable due to... |
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Definition
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Term
| What covers Miami limeston in the Lower Keys making the land relatively impermeable? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Layers of freshwater accumulated on top of seawater |
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Term
| What animals depend on the lenses in the wetlands? (7) |
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Definition
- Key Deer
- Rodents
- Lower Key Marsh Rabbit
- Birds
- Heys 3-Striped Turtles
- Alligators & Snakes
- Feral Green Iguanas
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Term
| What are 3 identifying features of Cyperaceae? |
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Definition
- Triangular stems
- Clusters of flowers & seed capsules
- Leaves spirally arranged
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Term
| What type of grass is an alligator nesting site, and is also potential biofuel replacement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the types of Cyperaceae found in the Keys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cattails are monoecious. This means: |
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Definition
| Unisexual flowers. Male on top, female below |
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Term
| What 4 plants are found in the wetlands? |
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Definition
- Sawgrass
- Spikerush
- Cattails
- Giant Leather Fern
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Term
| Why is Miami limestone visible in the Pinelands? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the pines get fresh water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is fire good for the Pinelands? |
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Definition
- Excludes encroaching hardwoods
- Releases nutrients
- Opens canopy for seedlings
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Term
| What is the dominant species in the pinelands canopy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some identifying features of the slash pine? |
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Definition
- 2-3 needles/cluster
- Long, thin candles
- Old trees may have scars from using resin for turpentine
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Term
| What was the historic use for turpentine, and where can we find it today? |
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Definition
| Parasites; Vick's vapo-rub |
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Term
| Types of Palms in the pinewoods? |
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Definition
- Cabbage
- Thatch
- Saw Palmetto
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Term
| Which tree is the state tree of FL and SC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Swamp cabbage palm is a source of: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some uses for thatch palm? |
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Definition
- Leaves for roofing
- Trunks for pilings
- Historically, for Kraals (turtle breeding enclosures)
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Term
| Medicinal uses of saw palmetto? |
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Definition
- expectorant/antiseptic
- urinary/reproductive problems
- enlarged prostrate
- anticancer
- male-pattern baldness
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Term
| Side effects of saw palmetto? |
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Definition
Incresed heart disease in those with heart problems because
Sitosterol is similar to cholesterol |
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Term
What is the identifying feature of gumbo limbo?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pigeon plum is related to...? |
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Definition
| sea grape (both in genus Coccoloba) |
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Term
| An identifying feature of the pigeon plum is? |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of pineland grass is: |
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Definition
| FL whitetop (has white flower) - and is a Cyperaceae |
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Term
| Wildflowers in the pinelands include: |
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Definition
- Bahama Cassia
- Yellow Star Grass
- Pineland Croton
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Term
| Which flower is a food source for the sulpher butterfly? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that grows on other organisms, but is NOT a parasite. |
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Term
| What are 2 types of trees on which epiphytes can be found in the Keys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of Epiphytes are in the Keys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Tillandsia are we most familiar with? |
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Definition
| Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss) |
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Term
| Describe the environment of Hardwood Hammocks. |
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Definition
- Elevated, well-drained sites
- Surrounded by vegation characteristic of lower, wetter surroundings
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Term
| Why are tropical hardwoods easily blwn over in high winds? |
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Definition
| Shallow, extensive root systems |
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Term
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Definition
- Mastic
- West Indian Mahagony
- Jamaican Dogwood
- Lignum vitae
- Strangler Fig
- Milkbark
- Wild Dilly
- Firebush
- Florida Arrowroot/coontie (Sago Palms)
- Prickly Apple Cactus
- Geiger tree
- Pitch Apple
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Term
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Definition
- Slash pine
- Palms
- Pond Apple
- Poisonwood
- Gumbo limbo
- Stoppers
- Pigeion Plum
- Florida Whitetop
- Bahama Cassia
- Yellow Star Grass
- Pineland Croton
- Spanish Moss
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Term
| Which palnt is one of the tallest hammock species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the medicinal uses of mahogany? |
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Definition
- Blood circulation
- Erectile dysfunction
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Term
| Why was Jamaican Dogwood used by seminole fishermen? |
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Definition
- Kills fish (and insects)
- Rotenone interferes with ETC
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Term
| What family is the Jamaican Dogwood in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Jamaica's national tree? |
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Definition
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Term
| Medicinal history of Lignum vitae (aka "wood of life")? |
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Definition
- Laxative
- Poinson antidote
- Infections
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Term
| How did the strangler fig get its name? |
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Definition
Seeds germinate in a host tree and aerial roots grown around host trunk |
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Term
| Milkbark is also called _______ because of its _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is resistant to shipworms and is in the Euphorb family (which includes poinsettias)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Original source of chewing gum came from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Florida arrowroot includes _________ which is actually a _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tree hosts a tortoise beetle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tree is aka as "autograph tree" |
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Definition
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Term
| How did non-native plants end up in the FL Keys? |
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Definition
- Introduced for horticulture, ag, and utilitarian purposes
- Accidental
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Term
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Definition
- weedy
- ecologically damaging
- cross-compatible with natives
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Term
| What are some exotic introduced plants in the FL Keys? |
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Definition
- Bottlebrush
- Sausage Tree
- Weeping Banyan
- Passion Flower
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Term
| The Bottlebrush is native to ________ and is in the ____ family. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the sausage tree native to? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the sausage tree pollinated in Africa? In Florida? |
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Definition
| Bats in Africa; Insects in Florida |
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Term
| How can you tell if a sausage tree has been cross pollinated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What pollinates the Weeping Banyan in Asia/Australia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What pollinates the Weeping Banyan in Florida? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Passion flower is native to...? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Category 1 of Invasive Plants? |
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Definition
| Ecology-altering, and exotics that can hybridize with natives |
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Term
| What is Category 2 in Invasive Plants? |
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Definition
| Increase in abundance, but yet to disrupt ecology |
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Term
| What is Category 3 in Invasive Plants? |
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Definition
| Exotic plant yet to become problematic, but is still under watch. |
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Term
| What plants are in Category 1? |
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Definition
- Seaside Mahoe
- Brazilian Pepper
- Australian Pine
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Term
How do Seaside Mahoe seeds disperse?
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Definition
| They float and spread to new areas. |
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Term
| Which Category 1 Plant has sap that can cause rashes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were Australian Pines originally planted, and why didn't this concept work? |
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Definition
| Planted to stabilize soil; they blow over easily because of shallow roots |
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Term
| Australian Pines are allelopathic. This means that....? |
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Definition
| They release chemicals that inhibit germination of other plants. |
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Term
| What are some examples of Category 2 Plants? |
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Definition
- Lantana
- Night-blooming cereus
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Term
| How are night-blooming cereuses spread? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some Category 3 plants? |
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Definition
- Pitch Apple
- Punk Tree
- Chinaberry
- African Firebush
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Term
| The Punk Tree is native to __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Category 3 plant releases seeds when exposed to fire or when cut down? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Chinaberry fruits useful for? |
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Definition
| Insect repellant - so it protects flowers during shipping |
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Term
| What are Chinaberry leaves used for? |
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Definition
| Protection of books and stored fabric |
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Term
| To what use have the pits of Chinaberries been put? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you tell the African Firebush (Hamelia paten var glabra) from the native Firebush (Hamelia patens var patens)? |
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Definition
African: Leaves not hairy, flowers more yellow
Native: Leaves covered in hairs, flowers red/orange |
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Term
| Potential impacts of introduced species: |
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Definition
- Extinction of natives due to competition or hybridization
- Alter community structure
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Term
| What is a secondary effect of introduced species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What example did Dr. Jarrell provide in class for evolutionary responses of introduced species? |
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Definition
| The Soapberry beetle's proboscis length shortening & losing ability to fly due to the introduced species Golden Rain Tree. |
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