Term
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Definition
| Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. |
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Term
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Definition
Principles and procedures to prevent and control infections and its spread.
assume that all blood, bodily fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes are infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
Protect clients rights to confidentiality
Avoid discussing clients in public hallways and provide reasonable levels of privacy in communicating with and about clients in any matter. |
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Term
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Definition
AKA: sterile technique
prevents contamination of an open wound. Isolates the operative area from the unsterile environment and maintains a sterile field for surgery.
Used during:
1. procedure that require intentional perforation of clients skin (i.e. IV catheters)
2. skin integrity broken (i.e. burns, incision, trauma)
3. procedures that involve insertion of catheters or surgical instruments into sterile body cavities (i.e. urinary catheter) |
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Term
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Definition
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
-Provides rights to clients and protects employees
-Limits who is able to access clients' record (consent)
-Establishes the basis for privacy and confidentiality concerns |
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Term
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Definition
Health Care Associated Infections
aka: nosocomial or healthcare acquired infections
- HAI's can occur as a result of invasive procedure, antibiotic administration, the presence of multidrug-resistant organisms, and breaks in infection prevention and control services
Can be:
1.) exogenous- organism that is present outside the client. I.e: post-operative infection
2.) endogenous- organism is part of normal flora.
Major sites of HAI's:
-urinary tract
-surgical or traumatic wounds
- respiratory tract
- bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
aka: clean technique
procedures used to reduce the number or organisms present and prevent the transfer of organisms (i.e. hand hygiene, gloves, and cleaning the environment) |
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Term
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Definition
Personal Protective Equipment
gowns, masks/respirators, protective eyewear and gloves |
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Term
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Definition
human, mechanical and or physical device that is used with or without the clients permission to restrict his/her freedom to move (i.e. Ativan, safety vests, etc)
Only used after all other possible alternatives have been attempted (need to document alternatives)
Effect on Restraints:
-Sensory Deprivation
-Emotional Distress
Restraints usually need MD's order. -Type of restraint to be used
-Reason for restraint placement
-Time limit of restraint
-Criteria for removal
Patient must be visually checked for comfort and safety every 15 minutes and document every 2 hours. Removed every 2 hours to perform ROM, assess skin and circulation
Restraints:
- reduce the risk of client injury from falls
- prevent interruption of therapy (IV)
-reduce the risk of injury to others
-prevent confused/combative patients from removing life support equipment |
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Term
| Discuss the spread and control of infectious agents |
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Definition
Major Mode of Transmission is Hands! Can also be spread through:
-Contact
_direct: person to person
_indirect: contaminated object
_droplet: contaminated secretions
-Air
_Droplet: carried on dust particle
_Vehicles: contaminated items
_Vectors: mosquito, fleas, ticks, flies, lice
Most effective way to prevent spread of infection: HAND HYGIENE! |
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Term
| Factors that increase the risk of infection for health care personnel |
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Definition
1. Age
2. Lifestyle
3. Occupation
4. Diagnostic procedures
5. Heredity
6. Travel history
7. Trauma
8. Nutrition |
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Term
| Compare and contrast standard precautions with transmission based precautions |
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Definition
Standard Precautions:
Transmission-Based Precautions: |
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Term
| Describe assessment data needed to determine an adult client's safety status |
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Definition
• Developmental Risk Factors
-Toddler – poisoning
-Teens – Motor vehicle crashes, accidents, suicide, risk behaviors e.g. drugs and ETOH, unsafe sex
-Adults – stress, lifestyle habits e.g. smoking
-Older Adults – falls, polypharmacy
(Note – abuse is a risk for all stages of development e.g. child abuse, elder abuse, spousal abuse)
• Individual’s Risk Factors
-Musculoskeletal Impairment – Mobility – gait and balance problems
-Sensory Impairment
-Communication Impairment
-Lifestyle – drugs, ETOH, stress
-Lack of Safety Awareness – keeping meds away from children
• Environmental Risk Factors
-Improper Heating Systems – carbon monoxide poisoning
-Food – e-coli
-Physical – stairs
-Thermal – hot coffee
-Chemical – drugs, cleaning agents
-Radiation – sun
-Microbial – immunosuppressed patient exposed to polio
-Lead Paint
-Temperature Extremes – heat exhaustion, hypothermia
• Health Care Agency Risks
∗ Falls account for up to 90% of all reported incidences in hospitals
∗ Patient Inherent Accidents – seizures
∗ Procedure Related Accidents – Medication Errors, breaking sterile technique
∗ Equipment Related Accidents – misuse of equipment |
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Term
| Identify factors that may be safety hazards in the adult clients environment |
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Definition
-Adequate lighting
-Clutter
-Bathroom Hazards
-Electrical and Fire Hazards |
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Term
| Discuss factors that put an adult client at risk for injury |
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Definition
∗Age
∗Level of Awareness (Normal is Alert & oriented to person, place, and time (x 3))
∗Sensory Perception
∗Psychological factors – stress
∗Physical condition e.g. mobility status
∗Medications – tricyclic antidepressants, loop diuretics, alpha agonists, alpha blockers, dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines
∗Assessment Tools
-Morse Fall Scale |
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Term
| Describe health promotion activities and interventions appropriate for clients to prevent injury |
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Definition
1. Patient Education
2. Safe Environment
-Bed in low position
-Call bell within reach
-Provide assistance when getting OOB if patient is unstable
-Slippers when ambulating
-Reduce clutter in room
-Decrease verbal stimuli/noise
-Confused patient’s
• Move closer to Nurse’s station
• Bed Alarm device – will signal if patient gets OOB
• Family participation
• Cover IV sites/Tubing
• Restraints as a last measure |
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Term
| Discuss alternatives to restraints |
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Definition
1.) orient/reorient to surroundings
2.) modify environment (pt. closer to nurses station)
3.) sitter
4.) visual and auditory stimulation
5.) changing or eliminating bothersome treatment
6.) tolieting routines
7.) psychosocial interventions (relaxation techniques) |
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Term
| Discuss hazards associated with the use of restraints |
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Definition
-Fear
-Anger
-Choking
-Pneumonia
-Constipation
-Skin Breakdown |
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Definition
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