Term
| Culture is the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a peoples' way of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Values are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and serve broad guidelines for social living. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sociology's role and influence on political systems in modern societies is rapidly diminishing due to urbanization and information technology. |
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Definition
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Term
| The symbolic-interaction theory focuses on everyday communication, verbal and non-verbal, and the symbols we attach and use in the communication. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethnocentrism is judging another culture by the standards of our own culture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Language, both verbal and non-verbal, is the basis of cultures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Socialization is the lifelong experiences by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gerontology is a social organization in which the elderly have the most wealth, power, and prestige. |
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Definition
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Term
| The environment and ambiance created by the family as an agent of socialization is equally important as the direct communication among the members. |
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Definition
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Term
| Understanding of one's "self" requires knowledge and understanding of behavior beyond our immediate frame of reference. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gerontocracy is a social organization in which elderly have the most wealth, power, and prestige. |
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Definition
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Term
| Culture changes are set in motion by: |
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Definition
| Invention, discovery, and diffusion. |
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Term
| Socio-biology theory examines only social changes that result from evolution of the human species. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of the postindustrial, information stage of socio-culture evolution are: |
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Definition
| Rapid creation, processing, storing, applying ideas and information, promotes rapid changes in a society and global markets, and produces information. |
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Term
| Mores are norms that are rejected by the majority of a society. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of cultural capital are: |
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Definition
| Enrichment opportunities available from agents of socialization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural instinct to interact with others to acquire mental and conceptual strengths and skills from this interaction. |
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Term
| Agents of socialization are: |
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Definition
| Family, school, peers, and media. |
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Term
| Using equal conditions for individual achievement and personal success is a value of culture in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| Multiculturalism refers to: |
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Definition
| The perspective of recognizing the cultural diversity and promoting equal standing and opportunities for all traditions. |
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Term
| Categories of socio-cultural evolution include: |
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Definition
| Hunting and gathering, horticulture and pastoralism, agriculture, industrial, and post industrial or information. |
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Term
| Cultural changes are set in motion by: |
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Definition
| Invention, discovery, and diffusion. |
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Term
| Characteristics of the mass media as an agent of socialization include: |
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Definition
| Means of delivering impersonal communication, excessive exposure promotes more passive personality, less physically fit, and less likely to use imagination, enriching educational and entertaining material that may be more stimulating than print media. |
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Term
| As an agent of socialization, the peer group: |
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Definition
| Provides escape, interaction supports relationship building skills, supports skills for establishing independence from parents and family. |
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Term
| Social interaction is the process by which people act and react in relation to others. |
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Definition
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Term
| A crowd is a collection of individuals with a status in common such as gender, race, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bureaucratic inertia refers to the tendency of organizations to perpetuate with diminishing attention to the purpose and product. |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary sex characteristics are the genitals, organs used for reproduction. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sexual revolution in the U.S. increased sexual activity and especially the frequency of homosexual activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Research indicates weak or dysfunctional family life and low family income are major factors contributing to a high teen pregnancy rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Networks can enhance our cultural capital, support mobility and interaction among strata and social groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Groupthink" is the tendency of group members to interact producing novel solutions and remedies to an identified social problem. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Thomas theorem proposes reality is "soft" as it is perceived and "hard" in it's effects and consequences. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gender is the behavior patterns established and controlled by our biological sex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Culture defines what triggers an emotion. |
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Definition
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Term
| A bureaucracy is a rationally designed organization, designed to perform tasks efficiently. |
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Definition
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Term
| Research concludes that rape is usually motivated by a strong appetite for sexual, physical pleasure and satisfaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Presentation of self is a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others. |
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Definition
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Term
| Social interaction is a complex negotiation that builds reality. |
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Definition
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Term
| A category is a collection of individuals with a status in common such as gender, race, religion, wealth, education, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sexual orientations presented in the text are: |
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Definition
| Heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual |
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Term
| The inter-sexed person has both male and female sex characteristics. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An element of culture and refers to personal traits and patterns of behavior. |
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Term
| Characteristics of high-income, more developed societies include: |
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Definition
| More emphasis and respect for individual achievement not associated with family. |
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Term
| Factors that contribute to "hard" reality include: |
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Definition
| Perceptions depend on individual backgrounds, interests, and intentions, the consequences and effects of social interaction, and our presentation of self. |
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Term
| Examples of transgendered include: |
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Definition
| The male who presents an effeminate persona and the female who presents a masculine persona. |
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Term
| Sexual orientations may change within our life course and do not require the corresponding behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| In low-income, less developed societies: |
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Definition
| Role strain and aggravated stress are less common, family roles and status receive more commitment and respect in the larger society, and individual achievement associated with family receives more respect in the larger society. |
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Term
| Teen pregnancy and childbirth rates in the U.S. today are: |
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Definition
| More common in situations of weak, dysfunctional families and low family income. |
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Term
| Research reports less than 10% of a sample admit homosexual experiences. |
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Definition
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Term
| The teen pregnancy rate in the U.S.: |
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Definition
| Is a social issue with the mother and child frequently dependent on family and society. |
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Term
| Characteristics of pornography include: |
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Definition
| Sexually explicit material intended to cause sexual arousal. |
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Term
| "hooking-up" usually refers to physical intimacy with or without sexual intercourse. |
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Definition
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Term
| Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Class systems of stratification are based on birth and individual achievement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deviance is the recognized violation of cultural norms. |
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Definition
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Term
| When applied to deviance in the U.S., the social-conflict approach focuses on the equal conditions that are available to all citizens. |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern genetic research concludes social and psychological factors must receive equal consideration when identifying causes for deviance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gender is the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach tot being male or female. |
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Definition
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Term
| A minority is always distinguished by a physical difference. |
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Definition
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Term
| The individual in poverty may experience minimum, limited social interaction and remain in a culture of poverty with minimum cultural capital. |
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Definition
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Term
| Socio-economic status refers to the composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality. |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical differences between the male and female combine with intellectual differences to support the natural and biological gender stratification. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the U.S., most people arrested are african americans. |
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Definition
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Term
| The difference in arrest rates for the two sexes has been increasing contrary to the trent of gender equality |
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Definition
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Term
| Principles of social stratification include: |
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Definition
| Trait of society and not a reflection of individual differences, universal and in all societies but varies with different elements and characteristics in different societies, and involves beliefs, ideologies, and dealing with why people are different. |
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Term
| Using the structural-functional theory, Durkheim concluded: |
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Definition
| Deviance affirms cultural values and norms, responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries and brings people together, and deviance encourages social change. |
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Term
| The poverty line in the U.S. is based on three times what a family of four should spend to purchase nutritious meals for one year. |
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Definition
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Term
| Absolute poverty is the absence of resources to the point of life threatening conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative poverty is the absence of resources of the more fortunate people who have more in the same society and is exists in every society. |
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Definition
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Term
| Social foundations of deviance include: |
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Definition
| Varies according to cultural norms, people become deviant as others define them as deviant, and norms and the way people define rule breaking involve social power. |
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Term
| Most people living in poverty are black. |
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Definition
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Term
| When applied to deviancy in a society, the social-conflict theory explains: |
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Definition
| Norms reflect the interest of the rich, the powerful have resources to resist deviant labels, and belief that laws are good covers up the political character of protecting the rich. |
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Term
| When applied to gender stratification, the structural-functional theory proposes: |
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Definition
| Division of labor according to sex began in the hunting and gathering stage, the current information stage provides more opportunities for gender neutral interaction participation in the workforce, and rigid gender stratification waste human talents of both the male and female. |
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Term
| Race and ethnicity are both socially constructed and based on criteria that society considers important. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pluralism is a pattern of majority/minority interaction that provides equal social conditions for all races and ethnicities |
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Definition
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Term
| A social institution is a major sphere of social life, or a societal subsystem organized to meet human needs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Power is the ability to achieve a desired end despite resistance from others. |
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Definition
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Term
| The more vested members of the U.S. society are more likely they are to vote. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of the biological traits associated with race and identity include: |
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Definition
| Result from living in different geographic regions of the world. |
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Term
| Critical elements of a minority include: |
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Definition
| Distinct identity constructed by a society and subordinate to the rest of society. |
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Term
| Modern genetic research concludes major biological differences among races. |
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Definition
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Term
| Religion as a social institution according the structural-functional theory concludes: |
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Definition
| It provides a social cohesion by uniting members with a shared symbolism, values, and norms, promotes conformity and compliance, provides meaning and purpose to life that is greater than the material and the the profane. |
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Term
| The secondary sector of economy transforms raw materials into manufactured goods. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sociological definition of politics is: |
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Definition
| A social institution that distributes power, sets society's goals, and makes decisions. |
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Term
| Secularization refers to: |
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Definition
| Decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred. |
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Term
| Assimilation may enhance race identities with miscegenation. |
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Definition
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Term
| The social-conflict applied to prejudices concludes: |
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Definition
| Powerful people justify privilege for themselves with oppression of the others. |
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Term
| Characteristics of discrimination include: |
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Definition
| Unequal treatment of various categories of people, society and individuals are slow to examine and change, bias built into the operation of society's institutions provides discrimination. |
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Term
| The industrial age provided a strong market for cheap labor and supported slavery |
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Definition
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Term
| The structural-functional theory applied to the family emphasizes: |
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Definition
| Role as an agent of socialization for the new life in society, social regulation of sexual activity and maintenance of kinship organization, provides initial placement in the social strata. |
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Term
| Characteristics of religion in a society are: |
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Definition
| Social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognized the sacred. |
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Term
| The industrial revolution in the U.S. significantly raised the standard of living with support for equal conditions and equal distribution of wealth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Race is always socially constructed category of people. |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern genetic research concludes that racial categories have minimum or no biological significance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prejudices are unfair because they are not based on evidence |
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Definition
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Term
| Racial categories allow societies to rank people in equal hierarchies that support social stratification |
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Definition
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Term
| A stereotype is a simplified description applied to every person in some category. |
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Definition
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Term
| Miscegenation is the biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sociologist Emile Durkheim applied the structural-functional theory to religion and concluded: |
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Definition
| Societies have a life and power of their own, societies are godlike, and practicing religion is the celebration of the awesome power of a society. |
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