Term
| You are on scene with a patient who recently suffered a heart attack. He has been told that his cardiac output has decreased since this heart attack. Which of the following is the direct cause of this decreased cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are treating a 42-year-old woman who was the unrestrained driver of a car that crashed head-on into a tree at approximately 45 miles per hour. Both femurs are obviously fractured, and she has an unstable pelvis. She is unresponsive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and severely hypotensive. Based on her vital signs, you suspect the woman to be in what stage of shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are on scene with a 19-year-old male patient who has been in an auto accident. You estimate that he has lost approximately 1000 mL of blood. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding this patient’s condition? |
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Definition
| This amount of blood loss is well tolerated. |
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Term
| You are on scene with a 92-year-old female who lives alone. The heat index is above 100° F. She denies trauma but smells of incontinence of watery stool. You arrive on scene and measure a heart rate of 120 beats/min and a blood pressure of 72 mm Hg systolic by palpation. You notice no injury. Which of the following is the probable cause of her hypovolemic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are on scene with a 32-year-old male who sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen. Vital signs indicate a heart rate of 142 beats/min, a blood pressure of 70 mm Hg systolic, and a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min. You attempt to gain intravenous access multiple times. Which of the following is the next appropriate initial treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Initial management for most patients in hypovolemic shock is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Unless proven otherwise, any unexplained signs of shock are assumed to be _____ in nature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypovolemic shock resulting from any cause is first treated with: |
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Definition
| Crystalloid fluid volume replacement |
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Term
| A patient with noted hypotension, bradycardia, and jugular venous distention would lead you to suspect what type of shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurogenic shock resulting from head injury creates: |
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Definition
| Peripheral vascular dilation |
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Term
| A serious systemic bacterial infection most commonly causes what type of shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are on scene with a 16-year-old runner who was stung by a bee. She is having no difficulty in breathing, but there is significant swelling at the site. Her heart rate is 102 beats/min, her respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min, and her blood pressure is 110/88 mm Hg. Which of the following would be an appropriate initial treatment for this patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| Late trauma deaths most often result from: |
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Definition
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Term
| The leading cause of death in children under 9 years of age is injuries sustained from: |
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Definition
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Term
| In a trauma system, prehospital care is divided into three aspects that include: |
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Definition
| Treatment, transportation, and triage guidelines |
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Term
| The phase of trauma care in which the paramedic delivers direct patient care is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| National standards concerning the use of ground ambulance transportation define the “reasonable amount of time” that it takes severe trauma patients to reach definitive care after their injuries as being within: |
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Definition
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Term
| The paramedic should consider transporting the trauma patient by air ambulance when: |
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Definition
| Road conditions may delay reaching the trauma center |
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Term
| The temporary or permanent opening that is produced by a force that pushes body tissues laterally away from the tract of a projectile is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The expectation that certain injuries or patterns of injuries have resulted to a body part, organ, or system based on the mechanism of injury and the force of impact to the patient is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage can occur when one organ or structure moves either faster or slower relative to other objects in the portion of the body or body system. This best describes the concept known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| There are four types of child car seats, including: |
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Definition
| Rear facing, front facing, highback booster seat, and safety belt seat. |
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Term
| During a frontal crash, the center of gravity of a motorcycle typically causes the rider to be: |
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Definition
| Pedestrian striking the ground |
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Term
| An example of a high-order explosive includes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Blast lung syndrome is an example of a: |
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Definition
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Term
| The patient from question 79 also has 20% third-degree burns to the anterior thorax. This injury can be classified as the _____ blast injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| Low-energy projectiles consist of knives, needles, and ice picks that need force to penetrate the body. Which statement is correct regarding low-energy projectiles? |
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Definition
| The injury path can be expanded by moving the projectile in the body. |
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Term
| The patient is a 28-year-old male involved in a knife fight. He sustained a stab wound to the flank just above the area parallel to the navel. The paramedic should consider that: |
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Definition
| Damage can include the kidney and hollow organs of the abdomen. |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the effect of body armor on medium- and high-energy projectiles? |
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Definition
| Injuries to the heart and lungs can occur because of blunt force. |
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Term
| A shotgun is a low-velocity, short-range weapon. Which of the following statements is correct pertaining to wounds caused by shotguns? |
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Definition
| The wad, if it enters the skin, increases the potential for infection from the injury. |
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Term
| Exit wounds differ from entrance wounds in that the exit wound is: |
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Definition
| Ragged and torn tissue with a stellate appearance |
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Term
| What is the typical goal for the administration of IV fluids for the patient with signs and symptoms of shock? |
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Definition
| A systolic pressure between 80 and 90 mm Hg. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements most accurately describes the presentation of signs and symptoms of internal bleeding? |
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Definition
| Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding may not develop for a significant period of time. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements most accurately describes the proper treatment to be rendered to a patient with internal bleeding? |
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Definition
| Provide rapid transport to the nearest facility with emergency surgical capability. |
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Term
| Within how many days of injury do fibroblasts begin to divide and produce collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| An injury victim with which of the following conditions would be at the highest risk for infection and complications? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are considered the two broad categories of soft tissue injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Paramedics have been dispatched to a residence where the homeowner has fallen off of the roof. Of which type of trauma should the paramedics be most suspicious? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which closed soft tissue injury involves the stretching of the ligaments that form the joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is considered to be an open soft tissue trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Paramedics are treating a patient who fell through a glass coffee table. The patient presents with multiple lacerations and avulsions to the lower leg. What is the most appropriate treatment for the avulsed areas? |
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Definition
| Return tissue to its normal position and cover the avulsed areas. |
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Term
| Which of the following dressings is commonly used after wound closure to allow for drainage away from the wound? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the use of alcohol, Betadine, and hydrogen peroxide contraindicated in the cleansing of wounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the main goals of fluid resuscitation in burns is preservation of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| With a few exceptions, burn wounds should be treated with what kind of dressing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is considered to be a strong acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| When treating a patient who is a victim of a dry chemical burn, after ensuring the airway is secure and the clothing is removed, what is the next step? |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemical is used primarily in the manufacturing of munitions and fireworks? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the treatment of an adult electrical burn victim, fluids should be infused at which rate/volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are treating a 13-month-old who has sustained burns to the anterior portion of his torso and the entire right leg. Using the “rule of nines,” what percentage of burns has this infant sustained? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term denotes ionizing radiation passing through the air? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used to describe the measurement of ionizing radiation effective doses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes a Le Fort III fracture? |
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Definition
| A separation of the entire midface from the cranium |
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Term
| A patient has been involved in a barroom altercation and is complaining of pain in the jaw. Examination of the patient shows poor alignment of the teeth, step-off deformity, and trismus. These findings suggest a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient has been involved in a barroom altercation and is complaining of pain in the jaw. Examination of the patient reveals poor alignment of the teeth, step-off deformity, and trismus. Treatment of this patient includes: |
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Definition
| Suctioning the airway as needed, cervical and spinal immobilization, and airway maintenance |
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Term
| The patient is a 2-year-old boy located at a day-care center. When you arrive, the day-care staff tells you that the child found a small bean on the floor and inserted it into his right nostril. Examination shows a small green bean approximately 4 mm inside the nostril. Care for the child may include: |
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Definition
| Instructing the child to blow his nose hard |
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Term
|
Definition
| Commonly occur after motor vehicle crashes |
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Term
| The patient is an 18-year-old woman who sustained facial injuries during a motor vehicle crash. Her facial injuries include abrasions and lacerations. In conducting an assessment, you ask the woman to use her eyes to follow the penlight, and you notice that the woman cannot look downward. This finding indicates potential injury to the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Care for the patient with a suspected Le Fort fracture includes: |
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Definition
| Carefully monitoring the airway and providing intubation as needed |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the term hyphema? |
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Definition
| Blunt trauma to the eye with bleeding into the anterior chamber |
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Term
| A 17-year-old male was body surfing at the beach when a particularly strong wave tossed him into the sea and he struck his head against the sand. Although he felt dizzy, he did not seek medical attention. A few hours later, he noticed a clear discharge from his right ear accompanied by a headache that did not respond to an over-the-counter pain reliever. He decided to call 9-1-1. When you arrive, you find no evidence of external injury and no indication of ear canal injury. Care for this patient and his draining ear would include: |
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Definition
| Spinal precautions and covering the affected ear with a loose dressing |
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Term
| For purposes of evaluation, the neck has been divided into three zones. Zone 1 represents the: |
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Definition
| Area between the cricoid cartilage and clavicle/sternum |
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Term
| A patient presents with the following indications of a skull fracture: raccoon’s eyes, altered sense of smell, and bleeding under the conjunctiva. Based on this information, the location of the skull fracture is most likely the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Brain injury caused by the effects of hypoxia or hypocapnia is termed: |
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Definition
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Term
| When attempting to lower a patient’s increasing intracranial pressure, which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for a patient who presents with dilated pupils, has a reduction in the Glasgow Coma Scale score, and is posturing? |
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Definition
| Ventilate the patient’s lungs at a rate not to exceed 20 breaths/min. |
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Term
| Which factor plays the greatest role in regulating the vascular diameter and systemic resistance in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes a diffuse axonal injury? |
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Definition
| Shearing, stretching, or tearing force resulting in tiny bruises of the brain tissue |
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Term
| The patient is a 56-year-old male who was working in his garage. He was moving things around and picked up a heavy box. Moments later he felt a severe headache that came on like a “bolt of thunder.” He states that his neck feels a little stiff. As the patient assessment progresses, the man seems to become less coherent. Based on these findings, you suspect: |
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Definition
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Term
| Care for the adult head injury patient includes monitoring the patient’s airway and breathing. If the adult victim of a head injury needs ventilatory support, you should provide assisted ventilation at a rate of: |
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Definition
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Term
| You are called to the local high school football game to treat an unresponsive player. Your assessment reveals inadequate breathing at a rate of 6 breaths/min. To adequately secure the airway, you would. |
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Definition
| Remove the facemask, leaving the helmet in place |
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Term
| The part of the vertebrae that supports most of the weight of the vertebral column is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Your unit is dispatched to a possible suicide attempt by hanging. Which specific type of injury should be suspected? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient has suffered severe blunt trauma to the abdomen. He denies any trauma to his back. He later complains of loss of function in his legs and bladder. Which of the following most likely explains this finding? |
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Definition
| Secondary spinal cord injury |
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Term
| You are called to a rehabilitation center for patients who have spinal cord injury. A patient was working with weights when he suddenly had a seizure. The staff noticed that his blood pressure was 220/120 mm Hg. On your physical examination and assessment you determine that the patient has piloerection, diaphoresis, and skin pallor. What is the pathophysiology behind this syndrome? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic overstimulation |
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Term
| You arrive at the scene of a two-vehicle crash. Your patient, the unrestrained driver of a vehicle sustaining significant lateral impact, is complaining of back pain and numbness and tingling to the lower body and legs, primarily below the umbilicus. As you continue to treat this patient, he becomes progressively worse and now has no feeling below the nipple line. The fact that the patient is becoming progressively worse leads you to believe that: |
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Definition
| Spinal cord damage has progressed with secondary injury |
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Term
| You have arrived on scene to a patient who hit a tree while riding a snowmobile. He is awake and alert, and states that he cannot feel anything from his shoulders down to his feet. He has no pain and he does not complain of being cold despite lying in a drift of snow. Which of the following is the most likely site of his injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 32-year-old male presents approximately 1 hour after falling off of a horse. He states he has loss of bladder control and numbness in his scrotum and penis. He also states he has numbness, tingling, and weakness in his right leg. Which of the following is a condition that would fit these symptoms and mechanism? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are called to the scene of a construction worker who has fallen 30 feet from scaffolding. Bystanders report that the patient struck the scaffolding as he fell. Your examination reveals complete bilateral paralysis below the umbilicus, bradycardia, priapism, and loss of bladder control. Given the patient’s presentation you suspect: |
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Definition
| Complete cord transection |
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Term
| You are called to a long-term care rehabilitation facility for a 24-year-old male patient with elevated blood pressure. The patient is a quadriplegic who was just transferred to the facility from the hospital after a complete transection of the cord at the level of T1. Assessment reveals blood pressure 240/126 mm Hg, respirations 24 breaths/min, and a distended abdomen. The patient is also complaining of a headache and blurred vision. You suspected that the patient is suffering from: |
|
Definition
| Autonomic dysreflexia syndrome |
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Term
| Assess the upper extremities for signs of neurologic injury by asking patients to flex and extend the elbows and: |
|
Definition
| Abduct/adduct the fingers |
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Term
| A patient states he has a history of conus medullaris. Describe the pathophysiology of this injury pattern. |
|
Definition
| Injury to the nerve roots that continue down the spinal column |
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Term
| You arrive at the scene of a two-vehicle crash. Your patient, the unrestrained driver of a vehicle sustaining significant lateral impact, is complaining of back pain and numbness and tingling to the lower body and legs, primarily below the umbilicus. As you continue to treat this patient, he becomes progressively worse and now has no feeling below the nipple line. Considering the patient’s chief complaint and the dermatome involved in the initial presentation, you suspect that the initial injury is in the area of: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| You arrive at the scene of a two-vehicle crash. Your patient, the unrestrained driver of a vehicle sustaining significant lateral impact, is complaining of back pain and numbness and tingling to the lower body and legs, primarily below the umbilicus. As you continue to treat this patient, he becomes progressively worse and now has no feeling below the nipple line. As the injury progresses and the number of dermatomes involved increases, you suspect that injury is occurring to the level of: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is true regarding spinal shock? |
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Definition
| It is temporary and the symptoms usually correct themselves in 24 hours. |
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Term
| A patient in neurogenic shock would present with the following: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A patient presents with weakness. During your examination, the patient demonstrates a positive Babinski sign. Which of the following, pathophysiologically, is responsible for this finding? |
|
Definition
| Upper spinal column injury |
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Term
| A patient complains of back and rib pain. He states that he has been having this pain for the past 3 days. He says it is a deep, aching pain with no radiation. His past medical history is significant for prostate cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. He states that he has numbness and weakness in his legs and has lost control of his bladder. Which of the following, according to the field assessment, would be the most appropriate cause for this pain? |
|
Definition
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Term
| A patient has been in a severe motor vehicle crash. The patient is conscious but dyspneic. He complains of shortness of breath and chest pain. Which of the following injuries is most likely to lead to mortality if not properly treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are assessing a 25-year-old male patient who was beaten with a baseball bat during a gang-related fight. The scene is safe. As you expose the chest, you see an obvious depression on the right side of his chest wall, highly suggestive of fractured ribs. Based on your knowledge of anatomy, what other body systems are you worried may be affected by the injury? |
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Definition
| Respiratory and circulatory |
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Term
| A 33-year-old female patient has been shot in the right side of her chest with a handgun. An entry wound is visible above her right nipple, and an exit wound is seen in the middle of her right scapula at about the third rib, midaxillary line. There is minimal bleeding. What critical system are you most worried about? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What pathophysiology is associated with subcutaneous emphysema? |
|
Definition
| The presence of air in the soft tissue |
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Term
| You have just arrived to treat a 17-year-old who was jumping on a trampoline and fell, landing on her right side. She complains of right-sided chest pain. She has good equal breath sounds, her trachea is midline, and her vital signs are stable. On visual inspection, you notice that the patient’s chest is moving paradoxically. Which of the following is the most important initial management for this patient? |
|
Definition
| Start high-flow oxygen, cardiac monitoring, and pulse oximetry. |
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Term
| A patient has been diagnosed with pneumonia. He suffered a rib fracture 3 days earlier. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of the effects of the rib fracture on ventilation and the development of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Atelectasis secondary to hypoventilation can lead to pneumonia. |
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Term
| Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is complaining of left-sided chest pain after being tackled in a football game. Examination reveals pain and crepitus around the 10th and 11th ribs on the left side. Which of the following may be present as an underlying injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient has been stabbed in the right side of the chest. You can hear air moving in and out through this chest wall wound. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient? |
|
Definition
| Apply an occlusive dressing. |
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Term
| After exposing the chest of a 44-year-old male patient who was ejected from his car in a rollover motor vehicle crash, you notice that every time he takes a breath, a portion of his chest wall flexes inward, and when he exhales it bulges outward. You diagnose this patient with: |
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Definition
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Term
| Your patient is a 35-year-old male unrestrained driver who has been involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. There is significant damage to the steering wheel. The patient is complaining of left-sided chest pain and difficulty breathing. Initial assessment reveals pain and crepitus around ribs 3 through 8 with diminished breath sounds on the left side. En route to the hospital, your ongoing assessment shows that the injured portion of the chest is moving in an opposite direction from the rest of the thorax during respiration. This patient has what type of injury to the thoracic wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient was run over by a car. There are tire marks on the chest wall. The patient has cyanosis to the face and neck. Heart tones are muffled and lung sounds are shallow with agonal respirations. Which of the following conditions is most likely occurring in this patient based on the assessment? |
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Definition
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Term
| You respond to a motor vehicle crash and find the patient trapped between the steering wheel and the seat. Extrication efforts are under way. Your initial examination reveals that the patient has a purplish discoloration to the face and JVD. The most likely injury is: |
|
Definition
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Term
| Signs or symptoms commonly associated with hemothorax include: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of a hemopneumothorax? |
|
Definition
| Blood in the pleural space |
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Term
| A 26-year-old woman was hit in the left chest wall by a softball. She felt a “pop” and thinks some of her ribs were broken. She has a heart rate of 100 beats/min, blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and distended neck veins. She is working hard to breathe, and you note cyanosis around her lips. Lung sounds are decreased on the left chest wall. Based on signs and symptoms, you suspect the woman has sustained a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following best describes pneumothorax? |
|
Definition
| A simple tear in the pleural sac with no communication with the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pathophysiologic findings is associated with myocardial rupture? |
|
Definition
| Traumatic perforation of atria or ventricles |
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|
Term
| Your patient is an 18-year-old male who complains of severe chest pain following significant blunt trauma to the chest, secondary to being trapped under a pallet of lumber that fell on him. The patient is tachycardic and has distended neck veins. The patient has no previous pertinent medical history. Which of the following is most likely to cause the presentation described here? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a component of Beck’s triad? |
|
Definition
| Jugular venous distention |
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|
Term
| Beck’s triad is associated with which of the following conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You suspect that a 28-year-old female patient might be developing a pericardial tamponade after striking her chest against the steering wheel in a motor vehicle crash. She is currently awake and oriented. The most appropriate intervention is: |
|
Definition
| Rapid transport to the nearest trauma center |
|
|
Term
| A patient has been transported to the nearest trauma facility following a motor vehicle crash. The patient has an aortic rupture. Which of the following would best explain why this patient is still alive? |
|
Definition
| Tamponade of aortic lumen by surrounding hematoma |
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|
Term
| You are evaluating a 45-year-old male patient who was shot in the center of the chest. While removing his clothing, you notice that his legs seem dusky and cold; however, your partner tells you his heart rate is 123 beats/min and his blood pressure is 134/88 mm Hg. The patient is complaining of severe pain inside his back. You suspect this patient has: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sudden deceleration, such as one that occurs in a head-on motor vehicle crash, is most likely to injure: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You respond to an accident scene and find that a 35-year-old male has fallen 50 feet onto a concrete surface. Examination shows that the patient is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. There is deformity to the anterior left chest around the first and second ribs. Blood pressure in both arms is 178/100 mm Hg. Femoral pulses are absent. The most likely injury relating to the patient’s presentation is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When treating a patient with a suspected aortic rupture, the most important treatment is: |
|
Definition
| Rapid transport to a trauma center |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following assessment findings would be associated with an esophageal injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are on scene with a patient who has suffered a severe stab wound to the neck. You have attempted to intubate the patient with no success. The oxygen saturation is 81% and the respirations are 6 breaths/min and agonal. Which of the following is the next most important management consideration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are evaluating a 35-year-old male patient with a gunshot wound to the upper right quadrant. There is an exit wound just to the right of the spine in his back as well. A fair assumption is that: |
|
Definition
| The bullet may have not taken a direct path, injuring several organs before exiting |
|
|
Term
| Hollow organ rupture is most frequently caused by which of the following mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| Unrestrained drivers in motor vehicle crashes |
|
|
Term
| What is the most serious finding when there is a mechanism of injury consistent with causing hollow organ injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You are called to the ski patrol headquarters of a ski resort because there has been a skiing accident. When you arrive, you find a 23-year-old male patient immobilized and in obvious pain. He reportedly lost control on the mogul run and tumbled down the side, eventually striking a tree. During your assessment, his abdomen is slightly rigid with rebound tenderness. There is no abdominal bruising; it just appears slightly red. His pulse rate is 82 beats/min, his respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min, his blood pressure is 136/72 mm Hg, his skin is normal, and he rates his pain as a 10 out of 10. Based on these findings, you suspect:
Answer |
|
Definition
| Potential intestinal rupture |
|
|
Term
| Which organ can have an “organ fracture,” causing massive internal hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left shoulder pain secondary to blood or irritants in the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
| You are treating a 40-year-old female patient who was stabbed in the right upper quadrant with a steak knife. Oxygen has been administered, and the entry wound has been covered with a sterile dressing. Appropriate care for this patient includes: |
|
Definition
| Transport to the closest trauma center |
|
|
Term
| The presence of abdominal wall trauma suggests that: |
|
Definition
| Underlying organ injury could have occurred |
|
|
Term
| A condition where the abdominal wall is damaged and underlying abdominal structures are protruding through the abdominal wall is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are evaluating a 16-year-old male patient who was playing hockey with his friends at an outdoor skating rink when he slammed against his hockey stick, driving the handle deep into his epigastric region. He believes he fell on top of the stick and it caught under his ribs. He is also in obvious respiratory distress, and his abdomen appears slightly sunken; he seems unable to take a full breath. You suspect that this patient may have sustained: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are managing a 25-year-old male patient who was involved in a gang-related fight; police have secured the scene. During your assessment, you find several stab wounds along the patient’s right flank and lower back. The patient is awake and anxious, in obvious pain. While your partner obtains vital signs, appropriate management for the stab wounds includes: |
|
Definition
| Covering the wounds with gauze or trauma dressings |
|
|
Term
| The most significant predictor of injury severity in penetrating trauma is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penetrating object is least likely to have a straight trajectory through the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A major risk for both an expectant mother and her fetus following a serious traumatic event is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most serious concern of a bladder rupture is: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| The best indicator of bladder or internal genitalia injury in the male patient is: |
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Definition
| Blood at the urethral meatus |
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Term
| _____________connect bone to bone, whereas ______________connect muscle to bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fracture of the femur can result in blood loss of up to: |
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Definition
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Term
| A fracture or dislocation should be realigned when: |
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Definition
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Term
| You and your partner have splinted a possible midshaft radial-ulna fracture. After applying the splint, PMS is reevaluated, noting that the pulse is absent. Your next action would be to: |
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Definition
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Term
| A PASG can be used in place of which other type of splint? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are the paramedic on a search and rescue team that is preparing to carry a 21-year-old male patient who fell 18 feet from his tree stand, injuring his back and sustaining obvious bilateral lower leg fractures. Which of the following environmental conditions could most easily affect the patient’s condition during the half-mile litter carry to the closest helicopter landing zone? |
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Definition
| Winds of 30 mph with a wind chill of –10° F |
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Term
| Which of the following heat emergencies is life-threatening and needs emergent field stabilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| You have immobilized a patient who was ejected from a car in a motor vehicle crash and landed in the river running beside the road. You can help prevent hypothermia in this patient by: |
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Definition
| Removing all of the patient’s wet clothing and covering the patient with blankets |
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Term
| The two key indicators that a patient has progressed into severe hypothermia are: |
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Definition
| Decreased level of consciousness and the absence of shivering |
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Term
| As an EMS provider in a cold climate, you can protect yourself from developing frostbite by: |
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Definition
| Wearing winter gloves and a hat |
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Term
| What occurs when rubbing is used as a rewarming technique for frostbite? |
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Definition
| Rubbing causes ice crystals to move, resulting in further damage. |
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Term
| After rescuing an unresponsive, apneic patient from the water, what is the difference in the initial resuscitation steps in freshwater versus saltwater drowning? |
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Definition
| There is no difference in the prehospital airway and breathing management. |
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Term
| As scuba divers proceed to increasing depths, the amount of oxygen and nitrogen that becomes dissolved in the blood increases. When they begin to surface, they must do so slowly because the dissolved nitrogen will return into its gaseous form. This principle refers to: |
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Definition
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Term
| When are symptoms associated with diving illness considered life-threatening? |
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Definition
| When they are associated with mental status changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Can create an artificially high pressure to improve healing and dissolve nitrogen bubbles in the body back into the bloodstream |
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Term
| A 35-year-old male patient is being brought to shore after he had to surface when his scuba equipment fell off and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Someone on his boat called ahead to report that the patient was at a depth of 75 feet when he lost his tank, and he ascended without assistance. What problems are you worried may develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| You have been called to the home of a 37-year-old male patient in respiratory distress. He has no previous medical conditions and takes no medications. However, you can see the patient is in obvious severe distress; he is awake and anxious, in the tripod position, feels warm to the touch, and is coughing. While obtaining his history, you learn that he was the victim of a near-drowning event 4 days earlier and had required a brief period of positive-pressure ventilations. What do you suspect this patient has developed? |
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Definition
| Respiratory system failure |
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Term
| Which of the following is considered a minor injury from a lightning strike? |
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Definition
| Tympanic membrane rupture |
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