Term
| what are the 4 signs used in fracture evaluation? |
|
Definition
- Apposition (how close)
- Alignment (any angular deformity)
- Torsion
- Shortening
|
|
|
Term
| a single facture with no break in skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mutliple fragmented fracture is called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 5 post fracture complications |
|
Definition
- delayed union
- non union, pseudoarthosis
- aseptic necrosis, or localised osteoporosis
- reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- infection
|
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 histological stages seen in fracture healing |
|
Definition
- formation of primary callus
- vascularisation of porimary callus
- ossification stage
- reorganisation of primary bone
|
|
|
Term
| what a key issue related to children with suspected ankle ligament damage |
|
Definition
| in children any force capable of damaging ligament in adult is generally manifested as a salter harris fracture |
|
|
Term
| what is a type I salter harris fracture |
|
Definition
| complete fx though epiphysis but no fx in bone |
|
|
Term
| type III salter harris fracture is what |
|
Definition
| fx though plate and some portion of diaphysis |
|
|
Term
| a fracture throught the eiphysis and plate into joint is called what |
|
Definition
| type iii salter harris fracture |
|
|
Term
| a crush injury to epiphysis is called what |
|
Definition
| type V salter harris fracture |
|
|
Term
| what is the tx of salter harris fracture |
|
Definition
- anatomical reduction (without this joint will go into childhood DJD)
- be careful as even with recution may go onto early closure of the physis and thus arrested growth
|
|
|
Term
| where do stress fracture typically occur in the metatarsels? |
|
Definition
- middle to distal 1/2 of the diaphysis
|
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 things boney callus indicates? |
|
Definition
- fracture
- cortical involvement
- motion is segments
- periosteal reaction
|
|
|
Term
| a jones fracture is a fx of what? is it an avulsion fracture? |
|
Definition
- fracture of the diaphysis..., no its not an avulsion fracture
|
|
|
Term
| what in differences in healing between a jones and an avulsion fracture of the 5th met |
|
Definition
- avulsion fracture will usually heal w/o complications while a jones doesnt
|
|
|
Term
| why is it important to get proper immbolisation in a jones fracture? |
|
Definition
- long lever arm of muscles will pull fragment out of alignment
|
|
|
Term
| exact tx of a jones fracture..(4 steps) |
|
Definition
- 2-3days bivalved cast (decrease odema)
- beloow knee nonwalker for 3-4 weeks
- walker cast for 2-3 weeks
- possible fixation surgicall bx chance of nonunion
|
|
|
Term
| the result of avascular necrosis in a sesamoid occurs in which 2 ways |
|
Definition
- fx of sesamoid develops and becomes necrosis
- avascular necrosis is inital proces that eventually leads to fx
|
|
|
Term
| DDX of sesamoid fracture should include |
|
Definition
- periosteal pain (bone bruise?)
- OA of plantar side of the crista/dorsal sesmoid side (secondary to shearing of crista in HAV)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- sterile 2x2 gauze between digits and apply paper tape gauze (not regualr tape as this can shrink and strangulate digits)
- then tape rmeianing digits to get a unit
- NOTE: does not apply to hallux
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- below knee cast, follwoed by postop shoe 1-2 weeks post cast
|
|
|
Term
| which angular measurement may be helpful in calcaneal fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what addition imaging may be needed for calcaneal fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do many authors suggest is best treatment, what happens generally after treatment in calcaneal fractures |
|
Definition
- fixation of segments
- goes onto OA of joint
|
|
|
