Term
| 2 parts of Major Histocompatibility Complext |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C AGNs
Found on ALL nucleated cels |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) to interact with target cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Class II gene products present on |
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Definition
| B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells |
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Term
| Class II gene products mediate response in |
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Definition
| T cell-dependent reactions |
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Term
| T or F: Matching Class I and Class II AGNs is important in successful transplants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Substitute or replace a diseased organ or tissue with a functional one |
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Term
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Definition
| Transplanted tissue or organs |
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Term
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Definition
Donor and host is same individual
no rejection |
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Term
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Definition
Transplant between identical twins
no rejection |
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Term
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Definition
Allogeneic donor
same species
rejection if not well matched |
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Term
| What is often needed for allograft transplantation |
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Definition
| immunosuppressive therapy |
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Term
| Most common type of transplant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of tissue from one species to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Rejection occurs within minutes to hours of transplantion |
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Term
| Prevention for Hyperacute rejection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs days to weeks after transplantation and may last life of graft |
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Term
| Symptoms of acute rejection |
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Definition
| fever and graft tenderness |
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Term
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Definition
CD4 cells produce cytokines and induce hypersensitivity response against graft
CD8 cells can destroy grafted tissue |
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Term
| Cell-mediated immunity is usually reversed by |
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Definition
| immunosuppressive therapy |
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Term
| CD4 cells induce B cells to make |
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Definition
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Term
| ABY formation damage due to |
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Definition
| C' activation OR ABY dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| Months to years following transplant |
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Term
| Chronic rejection is mediated by |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during chronic rejection |
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Definition
| narrowing of organ blood vessels, fibrosis, anteriosclerosis |
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Term
| Is Chronic rejection reversible? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is ABO compatibility necessary for bone marrow transplants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Serological detection of Class I and Class II AGNs |
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Term
| 2 components of Lymphocytotoxicity test? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ABYs in the Lymphocytotoxicity test are |
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Definition
| monoclonal or from sensitized individuals |
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Term
| What 3 types are associated with the Lymphocytotoxicity test? |
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Definition
| B cells, Lymphocytes, and Complement |
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Term
| Lymphocytotoxicity test: Lymphocytes |
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Definition
Class I AGNs
Separate by gradient centrifugation |
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Term
| Lymphocytotoxicity test: B cells |
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Definition
Class II AGNs
Cell preparation enriched by using magnetic beads coated with anti-DR ABYs |
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Term
| T or F: Lymphocytotoxicity test NOT the best method for determining Class II AGNs |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of test is much better for determining Class II AGNs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Procedure for Lymphocytotoxicity test |
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Definition
Use microtiter trays
Mix cells + specific serum
Incubate
Add C'
Add trypan blue |
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Term
| Interpretation of Lymphocytotoxicity test |
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Definition
Dead cells take up dye
Live cells exclude dye |
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Term
| If dye is taken up then... |
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Definition
| ABY attached & complement damages cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Corneal transplants
Skin grafts
Kidney transplants
Liver, Heart, & Lungs
Pancreas
BM transplants
Peripheral blood progenitor cells - PBSC |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines DNA sequence coding for HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, & HLA-DP |
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Term
| Most common type of transplant surgery |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the compatibility test needed for corneal transplants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is compatibility test not needed for corneal transplants? |
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Definition
| Tissue does not come in contact with the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to provide mechanical function or support |
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Term
| Autografts and Allografts are used for |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone graft processing reduces ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The Allograft material used in the bone graft is what when healing is complete |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Development of ____ ____ replacement materials has lowered the demand for allografts |
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Definition
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Term
| Most often transplanted solid organ in U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| Must match ____ ____ in Kidney transplants |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: HLA typing is important, but not essential for kidney transplants |
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Definition
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Term
| Living donors-kidney transplants: Test for |
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Definition
| HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ, DP |
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Term
| Cadaver donors-kidney transplants: Test for |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can kidneys be held after death? |
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Definition
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Term
| If number of HLA typing mismatches is less than or equal to 1, _____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What prior to grafting may increase survival (tolerance) |
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Definition
| Multiple blood transfusions |
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Term
| Heart must be transplanted within ___ hours |
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Definition
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Term
| Good HLA match with Heart transplants ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there a difference between Lung-Heart transplants and Liver transplants? |
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Definition
Lung-Heart: ABO typing
Liver: ABO typing (HLA match may improve survival) |
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Term
| What do you need for Pancreas transplants |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Transplantation of isolated islet cell is more successful than full pancreatic transplant |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone Marrow transplants treatment of |
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Definition
| Leukemia, some immunodeficiency diseases, aplastic anemia, & MM |
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Term
| Hematopoietic progenitor cells are given _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of BM transplants |
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Definition
| Autologous and allogeneic |
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Term
| Recipient of BM transplants are treated with |
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Definition
| chemotherapy/radiation to destroy own BM |
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Term
| Autologous BM transplants |
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Definition
remove patient's BM, freeze & return to patient after patient treated
Rejection is NOT a problem |
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Term
| Allogeneic BM transplants |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of typing is important for Allogeneic BM transplants |
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Definition
| HLA: NEED HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-D match |
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Term
| Graft Vs Host (GVH) Disease |
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Definition
| Donor cells attacking host cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin lesions, diarrhea, jaundice |
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Term
| If BM transplantation is successful, what happens? |
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Definition
| Recipient hematopoietic and immune cells are replaced by donor cells |
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Term
| Which type of transplant is increasingly being used in place of BM as a source of stem cells? |
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Definition
| Peripheral blood progenitor (stem) cells (PBSC) |
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Term
| 4 Reasons for using PBSC over BM |
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Definition
Can collect larger amount of stem cells
More rapid hematologic recovery
Elimination of surgical procedure and anesthesia risk for the donor
Reduced transplant cost |
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Term
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Definition
1. Donors are given growth factors to increase the amount of stem cells released into the blood stream
2. PBSC are removed by apheresis |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood is removed through vein; blood goes through apheresis machine; mononuclear cells are separated; remaining RBC & plasma fractions are returned to the donor |
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Term
| 2 Specific therapies that decrease lymphocytes |
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Definition
Anti-lymphocyte globulin
Monoclonal anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-IL-2, and others |
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Term
| 3 types of Nonspecific immunosuppressive agents |
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Definition
Cyclosporine
Azathioprine
Steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces expression of IL-2 receptors and decreases cytokine production by T Helper cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents cell proliferation |
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Term
| Type of steroids used in prevention & treatment of rejection |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-inflammatory Steroids... |
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Definition
| affect activated macrophages & decrease expression of HLA AGNs |
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