• Religous group of nursing providers instituted by Theodore Fliedner, Kaiserwerth, Germany

• Founder of modern nursing
• Studied at Order of Deaconesses
• Served in the Crimean War as chief of Brittish nurses
• Wrote Notes on Nursing, in 1859
• Established a nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860

• 1821-1912
• Founder of the American Red Cros

• 1802-1881
• Union Superintendent of Female nurses during the Civil War

Dorothea Dix

• 1820-1913
• "the Moses of Her People," nurse the sick and suffering

Harriet Tubman

• 1797-1883
• Abolotionist, UndergroundRailroad agent, preacher, women's right advocate, nurse

Sojurner of Truth

• 1817-1901
• pioneer nurse, founder of Frontier Nursing Service

Mary Breckenridge

• Writer, feminist, suffragette. political activist

• One of the first modern nurses to define nursing

Virginia Henderson

• The first African American professional Nurse

Mary Mahoney

Melinda Ann Richards

• America's first trained nurse

Margaret Sanger

• founder of Planned Parenthood

Lillian Wald

• Founder of public health nursing

Demographic Patterns

• Demographic changes require recognition of cultural and ethnic diversity

Prospective Payment

• limits hospital reimbursements- pays a predetermined amount related to a medical diagnosis

Supplemental Security Income

• financial assistance for persons with disabilities

Medicare

• Title 18 of the Social Security Act providing health insurance for older adults

Medicaid

• Title 19 of the Social Security Act provide medical assistance to people in financial need

Insurance Plans

• Third party payers to finance health care- may be private or group insurance

Diagnostic Related Groups

• prospective payment system established according to medical diagnosis

Theory

• System of major ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon

Conceptual Framework

• group of related ideas statements or concepts

Paradigm

• A pattern of shared understandings or assumptions about reality

Client

• or person- recipient of nursing care

Enviroment

• Internal and external surrondings affecting client

Health

• The degree of wellness or well-being the client experiences

Nursing

• Attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of the patient

Nursing Theory

• Guides kowledge developement, directs research, eduactaion, research and practice

Self Care Theory

• Based on self care, self care agency, self care requisites and therapeutic self care demand
• Dorothea Orem

Goal Attainment Theory

• Dynamic interacting systems
• Imogene King

Adaptation Model

• The process and outcome whereby the thinking and feeling person uses concious awareness and choice to create human and environmental intergration

Human Caring Theory

• The practice of caring is central to nursing and the unifying focus for practice

Human Becoming Theory

• Emphasizes how individuals choose and bear responsibility for patterns of personal health
• Rosemary Parse

Unitary Human Beings Theory

• person is an irreducable whole, dynamic energy field in continuous exhange with the enviroment

Governance

• Establishment and maintenance of social, political and economic standards to control proffesional practice

Professional Organization

• Provides professional governance, differentiates profession from an occupation

American Nurses Association

• the national professional organization for nurses  -  advances the nursing profession by establishing standards of practice, promoting welfare of nurses, projecting a positive image, and by political activity

National League of Nursing

• Objective is to foster development and improvement of nursing services and education

International Council of Nurses

• International organization to represent nursing worldwide

Sigma Theta Tau

• International Honor Society for nursing, membership based on academic achievement

National Student Nurses Association

• Official preprofesional organization for students