Term
| RNA polymerase 1 trascribes... |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA polymerase II transcribes |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA polymerase 3 transcribes |
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Definition
| tRNA and other small RNAs |
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Term
| What binds DNA at promoter sites rather than RNA polymerase in Eukaryotic Transcription |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of Transcription factors during transcription |
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Definition
| To recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter regions of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Human tumor suppressor protein functioning inhibiting transcription of some genes and activating others. also promotes transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. |
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Term
| How does p53 inhibit transcription? |
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Definition
| by binding to the complex formed between Transcription factors and DNA |
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Term
| Half of all human cancers are linked to mutations in this gene |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 common promoter elements found in Eukaryotes? |
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Definition
-CAAT box
-TATA box
-Flanking GC rich regions |
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Term
| in relation to the TATA box, where would the CAAT box be located? |
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Definition
| At varying positions upstream of the TATA box |
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Term
| where is the TATA box located? |
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Definition
| 25BP upstream of the transcription start site |
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Term
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Definition
| sequences on DNA that increase gene expression many fold but have no promoter activity |
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Term
| What can exert stimulatory action over distances of 1000BP away and can be present on either DNA strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enhancers can be located upstream, downstream, OR in the transcribed gene (T or F) |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription Factors that bind enhancer regions are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two domains do Activators(Enhancer binding TFs) have? |
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Definition
| DNA binding @enhancer and RNA pol binding |
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Term
| Multiple Transcription Factors are necessary for what? |
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Definition
| Initiation of Transcription |
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Term
| Initiation Mechanism of Transcription in Eukaryotes |
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Definition
-Assembly of TFIIA,B,D,E,F AND H
-TFII opens DNA and phosphorylates CTD allowing RNA pol II to leave promoter and begin transcription |
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Term
| All Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are extensively processed. (T or F) |
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Definition
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Term
What other modifications, different than prokaryotes, occur in eukaryotes
-(prokaryotic mods that occur in eukaryotic cells include:cleavage addition, ribose/base alteration) |
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Definition
5'capping
3'polyA tail
editing
splicing |
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Term
| Cleavage modifications of RNA |
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Definition
| Separate a larger RNA transcript into its smaller funcitonal units |
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Term
| RNA polymerase III uses what kind of promoter? |
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Definition
| Intragenic promoters A&C which are downstream from transcription start site |
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Term
| what subunit is the TATA-Binding protein part of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the Heart of the TFII |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of modification do tRNAs commonly g tgriyg |
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Definition
-cleavage of the leader sequence cand 3' end
-addition of CAA group to 3' end
-Intron excising and splicing to form anticodon
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Term
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Definition
when a 7methylguanylate residue is added onto the end of an mRNA transcript
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Term
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Definition
-Gives mRNA increased stability
-Protects the transcript from nucleases and phosophatastes
-helps recognition from cap binding proteins in volved in translation
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Term
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Definition
| methylated riboses close to 5' ends |
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Term
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Definition
| Poly A tail added to 3' end of mRNA transcript to protect from nucleases and increase translational performace |
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Term
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Definition
| process where bases in transcript are altered post transcription. |
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Term
| example of Editing: APOB-100/48 |
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Definition
| unedited mRNA is transcribed with a CAA codon. if the transcript is in the small intestine a deaminase changes the CAA codon to UAA which is a stop signal for translation. This creates the shorter APO B_48 rather than the large apo B100 |
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Term
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Definition
| Post 5'capping and 3'poly A tail, non-coding introns form lariats through a spliceosome that then cuts out the sequences and reanneals the exons together to make a functional transcript |
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Term
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Definition
Mutations in the β-globin gene affecting the synthesis of β-globin mRNA, or mutations in the splice sites of introns
-those who have this mutation present with anemia
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Term
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Definition
| complex of snURPs that recognize and base pair with the intron/exon junctions to excise and splice the pre-mRNA to make a functional transcript |
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Term
| snRNPs involved in the Spliceosome complex |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the Toxin amanitin work? |
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Definition
| low doses of the toxin inhibit mRNA. Higher doses of the toxin will inhibit tRNA in addition to mRNA |
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Term
| What is the major theme of Eukaryotic transcription regulation? |
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Definition
| Activator and repressor proteins recognize specific DNA sequences inhibiting it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clearing of Nucleosomes(DNA-Histone Complexes) in order for intiation to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Inactivation of FMR1 gene found on X-chromosome that occurs due to expansion of CGG repeat sequences which induce DNA methylation, leading to FMR1 mRNA not being transcribed. The low levels of this protein cause mental retardation. |
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