EARLY MODERN AGE

The Early Modern Age follows the late Middle Ages.

The timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the Middle Ages (c. 1500) through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions (c. 1800).

The most important feature of the early modern age was its globalnization, it witnessed the exploration and colonization of the America's and the rise of sustained contacts between previously isolated parts of the globe.

  This world trading of goods, plants, animals, and food crops saw exchange in the Old World and the New World.

The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on Earth and brought new Treasures to Europe.

The Term Gunpowder Empire is often used to describe each of these three empires the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal.

These three empires focused their attention on military exploits and gaining new resources and territory.

 Each Empire made use of newly-developed firearms, especially cannon and small arms, to create their empires.

 Each state developed a highly centralized administration that could mobilize the financial, manpower and natural resources necessary to purchase gunpowder arms and then supervise the deployment of those arms and the training of soldiers to use the weapons.

The Gunpowder Empires existed primarily between the fourteenth and the late seventeenth centuries.

The Great dying can refer to the PermianTriassic extinction event, informally known as the Great Dying which was an extinction event that occurred 252.28 million years ago.

This formed the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.

It was the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct.

The Great dying could also refer to The Mass Extinction of Native Americans when the Spanish came of and spread diseases.

The Spanish spread small pox, Malaria and other diseases...

Khan is a Turco-Mongoloriginated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan, Khan means ruler or leader.

One of the most notible Khans was Genghis Khan he founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history.

Hulagu Khan the grandson of Genghis Khan went on to further expand the Mongul empire by Sacking Bagdad and taking its Riches in 1258.

Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia, a precursor to the eventual Safavid dynasty, and then the modern state of Iran.

There have been many but the greatest Genghis Khan after his death his great empire started to decline, the various families started to have infightnig with each other the line was breaking. Similar to Alexander the Great once he died his empire crumbled. 

The Monguls in various times have been equated with the Scythians, the Magog and the Turkic peoples.

Based on Chinese historical texts the ancestry of the Mongol peoples can be traced back to the Donghu, a nomadic confederation occupying eastern Mongolia and Manchuria.

The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids and Genghis Khan. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south.

Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).  

 The Tatars originate with the Tatar confederation in the north-eastern Gobi desert in the 5th century.

 After subjugation in the 9th century by the Khitans, they migrated southward. In the 13th century, they were subjugated by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan Under the leadership of his grandson Batu Khan, they moved westwards, forming part of the Golden Horde which dominated the Eurasian steppe during the 14th and 15th centuries.

In 1154 Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi created a description of the world and world map, the Tabula Rogeriana, at the court of King Roger II of Sicily, but still Africa was only partially known to either Christians,Genoese and Venetians, or the Arab seamen, and its southern extent unknown.

Indian Ocean trade routes were sailed by Arab traders and between 1405 and 1421 Chinese third Ming emperor Yongle sponsored a series of long range tributary missions under the command of Zheng He / Cheng Ho.

The fleets visited Arabia, East Africa, India, Malay, the Archipelago and Thailand. But the journeys, reported by Ma Huan, a Muslim voyager and translator, were halted abruptly after the emperor's death.

The  Lateen dates back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favourite sail of the Age of Discovery. It is common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean, where it is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows.

 In the 15th centuryThe Portuguese developed  the caravel which is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship used to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. Caravels were used by the Portuguese for the oceanic exploration voyages during the 15th and 16th centuries in the age of discovery.

The East India Company was an English and later (from 1707) British joint-stock company formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent.

The Company was granted a Royal Charter in 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies.

 Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats.The government owned no shares and had only indirect control. The Company operated its own large army with which it controlled major portions of India.

The major sea trading countries were that of the Middle East particularly under the rein of the Sultan Sulamman is where the Muslum Empire experienced growth and expansion through trade.

Core Nations, Nations usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping, exported manufactured goods for raw materials.

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Mercantilism, Economic theory that stressed goverments' promotion of limitations of imports from other nations and internal economics in order to improve tax revenues; popular during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.