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| Heian era provincial official and pirate, most famous for his efforts to establish a sort of pirate kingdom for himself in the Inland Sea region |
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prominent Japanese poet whose works appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hyōgo no kami (head of the arsenal). He was also a warrior, leading the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War.
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died in the second lunar month of 940) was a samurai in the Heian period of Japan, who led a rebellion against the central government of Kyoto
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general of the Minamoto clan of Japan in the late Heian and early Kamakura period. Greatest and most popular warrior of his era
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| a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu shogun (Commander-in-chief of the defense of the North). Ultimate example of samurai bravery and skill |
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Battle of the beach, Major sea battle of the Genpei war On April 24, 1185, the Genji (Minamoto) clan fleet, led by Minamoto no Yoshitsune, defeated the Heike (Taira) clan fleet, during a half-day engagement
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eldest son of the Japanese regent (Kampaku) Fujiwara no Tadazane and a member of the politically powerful Fujiwara clan. He was the father of Fujiwara no Kanefusa and Jien. In the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156, Tadamichi sided with the Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
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| military leader of the late Heian period of Japan. He established the first samurai-dominated administrative government in the history of Japan. |
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the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan.
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| ERAS IN JAPANESE PRE-MODERN HISTORY |
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| Rise of the feudal local powers depended on... |
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- Decline of a central authority
- Decline of the Fujiwara at Heian
- Two major uprising’s during the 10th century
- Rise of the Taira and Minamoto Families
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| Decline of the central authority |
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Shoen’s rose to greater power than the government officials
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Kuge Demilitarized
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Buddhist ideaology of Ahisma - means do no harm
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No fear of attack
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Confucianism against war
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Conscripted military abandoned
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| New manor system (shoens) |
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| private, tax-free, often autonomous estates or manors whose rise undermined the political and economic power of the emperor and contributed to the growth of powerful local clans |
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a. Protect property
b. Preserve peace and order
i. They often bought privavate militias
i. Or brought people in to service through corvee taxes |
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| Lord and Vassal Relationships |
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i. Land
ii. The right to claim taxes and services
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| 2 major uprising's in the 10th century |
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· 936-941 CE = Fujiwara Sumitomo
1. Minamoto
· 935-940 CE = Taira Masakado
1. Emperor of Kanto
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1. Kanto Region and North
a. Allied w/ Fujiwara family
b. “Minamoto” = Youngest sons and brothers of the Emperor
2. Minamoto Yoshiie (1041-1108)
a. Commendations of land by farmers AND warriors |
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1. 1st emerged in Kanto Region
a. Western branch of clan = Ise
i. Subdued Western rebels and pirates
ii. Sung China
iii. Cloister Government
2. 1st Taira = Emperor Kammu’s grandson
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warrior elite
Chief objective was to kill foe and die an honorable death
4 different kinds: shogun, diamyo, samurai, and ronin |
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| generals, highest level over power |
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| lieutenant, second highest level of power, may have several small groups of samurai under him |
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| footsoldier, operates under the diamyo in a lord - vassal relationship |
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| The desires and interests of the lord are always the highest priority. Sometimes even higher than those of the vassals |
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1156 CE
Short civil war fought to resolve a dispute about Japanese imperial succession.
- Emperor Konoe dies, Emperor Toba succeeds him, and then Toba dies leaving two rival sons – Go-Shirakawa and Sutoku
- The two sons of the regent Fujiwara no Tadazane pick opposing sides and then call on the Minamoto and Taira clans.
- The Minamoto and Taira’s a divided
- Result – Victory for emperor Go-Shirakawa; establishes Minamoto-Taira rivalry |
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1159 CE
Another civil war fought to resolve a dispute over political power
- No so much a fight between members of the same clan, but between the two rival clans.
- Result – Taira victory, Minaoto leaders banished |
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1179 CE
Taira Kiyomori
Minamoto Yorimasa
Prince Mochihito
Heike no monogatari |
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1180
Children of the Minamoto ally with the imperial prince
- was a conflict between the Taira and Minamoto clans during the late-Heian period of Japan
- It began with Minamoto support for a different candidate to take the throne, in conflict with the Taira's nomination. The ensuing Battle of Uji took place just outside Kyoto, starting a five-year long war, concluding with a decisive Minamoto victory in the naval Battle of Dan-no-ura.
- Minamoto clan victory; Kamakura shogunate established |
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| All marriages needed to be approved by the shogun |
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Castle Towns
Transfer points
Marketing areas
Strategic points along commercial routes
Religious centers
Specialized ports |
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| Became more like a castle town |
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