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594 BCE - handed power.
Powerful Athenian leader.
Made first reforms: divided Athenian society into four classes based on wealth.
Dismissed all outstanding debts.
Freed Athenians from slavery.
Encouraged development of olive and wine production. |
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Made second major reforms to Athenian society in 508-502 BCE.
Citizens were all free men living in Athens and Attica.
Established 10 tribes.
Members in each from three geographical areas. |
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477 BCE: representatives of Athens and many other city states met at Delos.
Oath taken by all present.
Purpose: to defend themselves against the Persians.
Sparta was not present.
Called the ______ League because they met at the island of Delos.
Kept a treasury on Delos. |
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Founded 510-500 BCE
Included all Peloponnese city-states except Argos and Achaea.
Also included key city-states as Thebes.
Sparta headed the League. |
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Athenian General
467 BCE – led a decisive victory against Persians.
Persians were routed in southern Asia Minor.
Freed Greek city-states.
Squashes revolt of Thesos.
But doesn’t get approval which made him look very bad.
Was first seen as a hero.
Eventually he became unpopular and fought with Thucydides.
Was ostracized. |
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495-429 BCE
Democratic Reform
Anyone can serve as an archon despite birth or wealth.
Assembly = central power of the state.
Sole approval or veto over every state decision.
Citizenship rules changed.
Before = anyone born of a single Athenian parent.
After = both parents be Athenian citizens. |
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447-432 BCE
Made for the Greek goddess Athena.
Perikles behind the operation.
Symbol of Greek wealth and prosperity.
Architecture
First optical illusion.
Acropolis at Athens. |
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487 BCE
Assembly could vote on expelling citizens from the state for a period of ten years.
Voted using potsherds (ostra).
Guaranteed that individuals who were contemplating seizing power would be removed from the country before they got too powerful.
10 Year Exile = ____________
The assembly voted on who they would _______ based on little pieces of pottery. |
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470-413 BCE
Brokered Peace of ______ Treaty
Led to peace in first half of Peloponnesian War (30 years – only lasted 3)
Constantly going against Alcibiades.
Athenian general. |
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Athenian general.
Was exiled.
Said Peloponnesian War was the turning point in Greek history. |
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450-404 BCE
Athenian general.
Constantly switches sides from Athenian to Spartan, sleeps with Spartan queen and then switches to Persian side.
Military commander during Peloponnesian War. |
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| The only island in the Cyclades that was not part of the Athenian alliance. |
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Two brothers fought for Persian throne.
Hired 13,000 Greeks to defeat his brother. |
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382-336 BCE
Conquered Greece.
He was assassinated.
Father of Alexander the Great. |
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356-323 BCE
Created a very large empire.
All the way to India and Greece.
Destroyed the Persian Empire.
Ended the role of Greek states as significant players in politics in the eastern Mediterranean.
Crossed the desert nobody else could.
Created a path to India.
Spread Greek culture.
Instilled new democracies.
Military genius.
Unties the Gordium Knot that nobody else could. |
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Chronological Context: 415-413 BCE
Important Facts:
Athens Loses – entire expedition destroyed.
Myth of Athenian naval superiority shattered.
Significance:
Weakens Athens/leads Sparta to build a powerful navy and thus Sparta would go onto win the Peloponnesian War. |
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427 BCE
Member of Delian League.
Island of Lesbos.
Revolt crushed by Athens.
Votes to decide to make example of ______ by killing all men and placing women and children in slavery.
Athens changes its mind and sends another ship to tell the other ship not to carry out the order. |
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416 BCE
Athens attacked _____ for refusing to submit tribute and refusing to join Athens’ alliance against Sparta.
Claimed Spartan descent, but remained neutral in war.
Athens landed an army of 3,000 soldiers on the island led by Cleomedes and Tisias.
Refused to join Delian League and pay tribute to Athens.
Athens laid siege to _____ and took city in winter.
Executed all adult men and sold women and children into slavery. |
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