Term
| Which structures are sites where pathological changes of chronic bronchitis are found? |
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Definition
| in the bronchii and/or bronchioles |
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Term
Complete the sentence
Chronic bronchitis is marked by ... and ... (increased size) of the globlet cells and mucous glands of the airway |
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Definition
| Chronic bronchitis is marked by hyperplasia and hypertrophy (increased size) of the globlet cells and mucous glands of the airway. |
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Term
Cyanosis is a s/s in severe cases of
a) emphysema
b) chronic bronchitis |
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Definition
b) chronic bronchitis
*CNS fails to maintain normal blood O2 and CO2 pressures = leads to cyanosis*
*chronic bronchitis = blue bloaters (blue skin colour + lack of exercise leading to obesity* |
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Term
| What word is defined as a decrease in arterial oxygen concentration? |
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Definition
| hypoxia = a decrease in arterial oxygen concentration? |
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Term
| What word is defined as an increase in arterial CO2 concentration? |
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Definition
| hypercapnia = an increase in arterial CO2 concentration |
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Term
| Chronic bronchitis may bring pain and stress in musculoskeletal structures. Where is pain and stress especially felt (vertebral level)? |
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Definition
| Pain and stress especially felt at specific vertebral levels -> T6-T7 |
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Term
True or false?
Someone with chronic bronchitis presents with barrel chest, ↑ thoracic hyperkyphosis, compensatory lumbar and cervical hypolordosis. |
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Definition
False
Someone with chronic bronchitis presents with barrel chest, ↑ thoracic hyperkyphosis, compensatory lumbar and cervical hyperlordosis |
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Term
True or false?
Bronchiectasis are most often 1o conditions. |
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Definition
False
Bronchiectasis are most often 2o to an infectious process. |
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Term
| Which conditions most commonly presents as a focal process involving a lobe, segment, or subsegment of the lung (one bit of lung as opposed to all over the lungs)? |
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Definition
Bronchiectasis
>chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease involving abnormal permanent dilation of medium-sized conducting bronchii (bigger than 2mm/diameter) |
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Term
| What is the common cause of bronchiectasis worldwide? |
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Definition
Common cause of bronchiectasis wordwide: scarring from tuberculosis/TB
*2o from TB = cause after a 1o infection of the lungs* |
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Term
| What is the common cause of bronchiectasis in the United States? |
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Definition
Common cause of bronchiectasis US: cystic fibrosis
*cystic fibrosis: underlying genetic disease*
*2o from TB (worldwide) = cause after a 1o infection of the lungs* |
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Term
| What medical condition presents with chronic violent mucoid cough as s/s? |
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Definition
bronchiectasis
other s/s:
> dyspnea
> chronic sinusitis (d/t chronic cough passing mucous thru upper resp. tract)
> hemoptusis |
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Term
| Which word is used to define blood in suptum? |
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Definition
hemoptusis
>bloody smelly mucus |
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Term
True or false?
People with bronchiectasis will present with cyanosis (blue bloater), as ppl with chronic bronchitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection of the bronchial tree is known as... |
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Definition
acute bronchitis
> s/s: ↑ mucous, ↑ coughing, mucosa inflammation, fever, malaidse, arthralgia
*chronic bronchitis: when there is productive cough for 3 months every 2 consecutive years*
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Term
| joint pain may also be known as... |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
Asthma is reversible either spontaneous or with medication. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| perspiration is also known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| increased breathing rate is also known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| increased HR is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
a blue-ish skin colour is also known as
|
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Definition
cyanosis
> central cyanosis = lips
> peripheral cyanosis = nails/fingertips |
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Term
True or false?
An asthma attacks take a long time to build. |
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Definition
False
Asthma attack: rapid onset and episiodic
>30 sec - 15 min |
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Term
| A person with asthma will show presence of a strong identifiable predisposing factor from prolonged increased production of IgE. What is that factor? |
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Definition
atopy = identified from prolonged increased production of IgE as a reaction to exposure to common antigens.
>atopy produces IgE in response to common allergen |
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Term
| What is the most common chronic disease in childhood, in the US? This is a also a common chronic disease worldwide (22 million). |
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Definition
asthma
> known triggers for children: pollens, dust, cigarette smokes |
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Term
| What is the strongest extrinsic predisposing factor for asthma? |
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Definition
allergy
> common triggers: air pollutants, cold, heat, weather change, odor/perfume, smoke 1o/2o
> triggers: exercise, stress, emotional upsets, meds (NSAID, Aspirin) |
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Term
| Intrinsic predisposing factor for asthma will usually affect one age group. What age is that? |
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Definition
intrinsic factor for asthma = 35+ age group
>intrinsic factors usually idiopathic
>tends to be stress related |
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Term
| What will someone who is experiencing an exercise-induced asthma/EIA or exercise-induced bronchospasm/EIB be taking to stop the acute attack? |
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Definition
| severe exacerbations: anticholinergics (narrows airways), systemic corticosteroids (speed recovery), short-acting beta-agonists. |
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Term
| What will someone with asthma take for long-term control? |
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Definition
inhaled corticosteroids = 1o drug of choice
long-acting beta-agonists aka puffers ie: ventolin, atrovent |
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Term
| Is prone a CI'd position to massage someone with asthma? |
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Definition
No
Prone without abdominal pillow, keep it short
>best position: sideline, semi-fowler's (depending on severity of asthma) |
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Term
| Where will you avoid tapotment for an asthmatic client? |
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Definition
avoid tapotment especially over T1-T4
> T1-T4: area on trachea, also over carina
> may irritate airways and promote asthma attacks
> tapotment sideline is okay |
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Term
| You want to give a self care for someone with asthma. Will you recommend diaphragmatic breathing or pursed lip breathing exercises? |
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Definition
pursed lip breathing = more recommended
> diaphragmatic breathing= not always appropriate (more for mild asthmatics) |
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