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Toxicology Chapter 8
Chemical Carcinogenesis
15
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
03/24/2010

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Term
Benign
Definition
A tumor that does not metastasize or invade surrounding tissue.
Term
Malignant
Definition
A tumor or neoplasm that has the ability to metastasize or invade surrounding tissue
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
malignant tumor arising in epithelium; spread in lymphatic system.
Term
Sarcoma
Definition
malignant tumor arising in connective or muscle tissue; spread by blood system; frequently metastasizes to lung.
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Characteristics
Definition
similar to cell origin / dissimilar to cell origin
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Growth Characteristics
Definition
move outward in smooth manner, cells stay attached / move outward in an irregular fashion, cells break away
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Rate of Growth
Definition
Slow / Rapid
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Degree of Vascularity
Definition
slight / moderately marked
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Reoccurrence after surgical removal
Definition
seldom / frequently
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Degree of necrosis and ulceration
Definition
unusual / common
Term
Benign vs. Malignant: Likelihood of causing systematic effects
Definition
Systemic effects are unusual unless the tumor is a secreting endocrine neoplasm / systemic effects are common and usually life-threatening
Term
Two most frequent occurring tumors in women and two major lifestyle factors causally related to cancer
Definition
breast and lung; diet and tobacco use
Term
Two most frequently occurring tumors in men; name two major lifestyle causally related to cancer
Definition
prostate and lung; diet and tobacco use
Term
Phases of carcinogenesis
Definition
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