Term
| What does lead do to cause damage? |
|
Definition
| it interferes with the Ca dependent release of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 metal-proteins that are formed? |
|
Definition
| metallothiones, transferrin, ferrin |
|
|
Term
| What does metallothionine bind? |
|
Definition
| binds a lot of metals - Cd, Cu, Hg, Ag, Zn - can reduce toxicity, but also can cause more damage in places like the liver and kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What does transferrin do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it's a storage protein for iron in the cells of the liver, spleen, and bone * may be a general metal detoxicant b/c it binds to toxic metals such as Cd, Zn, Be, Al |
|
|
Term
| Who is the most susceptible to metal poisoning? |
|
Definition
| kids and old people - kids eat more (major route) and have higher GI absorption |
|
|
Term
| What lifestyle factors influence metal toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can immune status influence metal toxicity? |
|
Definition
| certain metals can provoke an immune (allergic) reaction - Au, Hg, Pt, Cr, Ni |
|
|
Term
| What forms of arsenic compounds are there? |
|
Definition
| inorganic - combined with O2, Cl, or S *organic - C and H |
|
|
Term
| How does arsenic cause damage? |
|
Definition
| disrupts ATP production, inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, uncouples ox-phos - death is from multi-system organ failure |
|
|
Term
| What are the common ways of arsenic exposure? |
|
Definition
| inhalation and ingestion - 60-90% by the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| How is arsenic metabolized? Excreted? |
|
Definition
| methylated in the liver - urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhalation - either from the workplace or cigarettes |
|
|
Term
| Where is cadmium distributed? |
|
Definition
| mainly accumulates in liver and kidneys b/c of metallothionein- widely distributed though |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mainly in urine and feces, although absorbed Cd has a very long half life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it isn't widely metabolized - it does bind to albumin and then to metallothionein |
|
|
Term
| What parts of the kidneys are affected by Cd? |
|
Definition
| renal tubular cells and glomeruli |
|
|
Term
| How is elemental Hg mainly absorbed? |
|
Definition
| inhalation of gaseous vapors |
|
|
Term
| Can Hg cross the blood brain barrier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the organic form of mercury? Where is it found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does methylHg affect? |
|
Definition
| a fetus - concentrates there quickly, the brain - visual cortex, cerebellum, dorsal root ganglia |
|
|
Term
| How can you be exposed to lead? |
|
Definition
| inhalation, ingestion, and dermally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can lead cross the blood brain barrier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you get chronic lead poisoning? |
|
Definition
| bone turnover - pregnancy, osteoporosis, chemotherapy, etc |
|
|
Term
| How is lead metabolized? Excreted? |
|
Definition
| it's not metabolized - excreted mainly by urine, long helf life |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat lead poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organs does Ni affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhalation, ingestion, dermal |
|
|
Term
| Where does Ni mainly accumulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common toxic reaction to Ni? |
|
Definition
| skin allergic reactions - contact dermatitis |
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