Term
| Before 1961, what were birth defects considered? |
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Definition
| spontaneous or hereditary*fortold events* caused by visualization of the woman during pregnancy |
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Term
| Before 1961, what were the reactions to birth defects? |
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Definition
| withholding care, infanticide |
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Term
| When were the 1st reports of birth defects in mammals due to maternal nutrition? |
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Definition
| the 1930's - due to vitamin A deficiency |
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Term
| Before WWII, was malnutrition considered a source of birth defects? What about after? |
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Definition
| no - could cause abortion, death to the conceptus, or reduce birth weight * after - yes as well as low birth weight, reproductive failure etc |
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Term
| What was the 1st exogenous cause of a human epidemic reported? What did it cause? |
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Definition
| rubella * cataracts - eye and ear anomalies, heart and liver problems, mental retardation * at this time it still wasn't thoguht that drugs could hurt a baby |
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Term
| What 3 tragedies were the cause for development of regulatory guidelines on chemicals and reproduction? |
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Definition
| thalidomide, DES, Minimata Disease |
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Term
| What was the 1st drug discovered to cause congenital malformations? Why was it never on the US market? What does it cause? |
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Definition
| thalidomide - side effects - phocomelia |
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