Term
| [Marketing]tourism differs from other types of marketing in 3 ways |
|
Definition
1. is a service industry (intangible, quality more difficult to assess)
2. customers move TO the product
3. tourists participate in more than one activity while traveling |
|
|
Term
| [Marketing] green marketing vs. conventional marketing... differs in the following: |
|
Definition
~greater emphasis on natural env't
~intrinsic value of the environment over its value to society
~has global perspective rather than that of local communities |
|
|
Term
| [Marketing] travel businesses sell their products in targeted approach in four ways: |
|
Definition
1. geography
2. demographics (age, gender, religion)
3. psychographycally (lifestyle, attitude, values)
4. benefits (sought by tourist and avoidance of costs)
--> there is a systematic approach to meeting clientele needs and organizational objectives, i.e., Figure 5.3 |
|
|
Term
| [Marketing] 2 pillars for effective ecotourism marketing |
|
Definition
1. attraction for tourists (biodiversity, culture, geography)
2. tourism infrastructure to support the industry
~agreements exist between travel agents and tourism distributors to promote certain places
~effective marketing is about getting rid of the ppl you don't want |
|
|
Term
| [Marketing] how to effectively market to effectively target the type of tourists you want at your location |
|
Definition
1.identification of group characteristics
2. appropriate advertising
3. careful crafting of advertising message
4. establishing mailing lists |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] 3 States of tourism relationship with Nature |
|
Definition
1. conflict- tourism impacts resources upon which the industry relies
2. coexistence- balancing
3. symbiosis- realizing that they are inter-dependent |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] Ecological Impacts of tourism |
|
Definition
~pollution
~deforestation/fragmentation
~introduction of invasive species
~increased urbanization
~loss of flora/ fauna
~land use loss
~water/energy usage
~soil compaction
~crowding and congestion
--> all effects damage the resources upon which the industry relies |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] carrying capacity |
|
Definition
| over time, the amount of use an area of land can withstand without degradation of its suitability for that use |
|
|
Term
| From a sociological perspective, carrying capacity is difficult to measure because: |
|
Definition
~Different types of tourists exists with varying degrees of use and impact
~management knowledge is necessary to properly manage the use of an area
~this knowledge is very difficult for natural and cultural areas because there are different capacities
~managing a site becomes a significant task |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] 3 courses of action for a manager to take once defining the carrying capacity |
|
Definition
1. site management techniques- improving the ecological carrying capacity of the area
2. overt management approach- regulating user behavior (this is common; however, too much regulation turms away potential tourists
3. Information and educational programs - informs users about the recreational resource and current level of use |
|
|
Term
| Why does carrying capacity continue to be exceeded? |
|
Definition
~self-interest of guides
~lack of govn't ability to restrict use
~short-term investment by tour operators
~model is reactive rather than proactive
why should carrying capacity be translated into sustainable tourism (Fig. 4.3) |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] Key indicators or determinants of what kind of impact a tourist will have on a |
|
Definition
1. number of tourist
2. type of tourist
3. physical size of the area
4. attitudes of gov't body
5. marketing of the area |
|
|
Term
| [Ecological] 4 factors that play an important role on ecological impact |
|
Definition
1. Intensity of tourist site use and development
2. Resiliency of the ecosystem
3. Time-persective of developer
4. Transformational character of developer |
|
|
Term
| [Economics] Why is difficult to constitute what is tourism and how its growing |
|
Definition
~lack of clear-cut definition
~lack sufficient data in developing nations |
|
|
Term
| [Economics] What factors determine how much tourism money stays in a region's economy? |
|
Definition
~multiplier effect
~leackages
~enclave tourism |
|
|
Term
| [Economics] Multiplier effect & leakages |
|
Definition
| ~Direct income/ first round income- amount of money |
|
|
